1. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20041page EndCap Module Production of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker (SCT) ATLAS SCT layout and specifications module production integration and system test results summary Shulamit Moed, Geneva University On behalf of the ATLAS SCT collaboration

2. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20042page ATLAS ID  A general purpose LHC detector  p-p collisions at 14 TeV CM Energy  Bunch crossing every 25 ns  L = 10 33 – 10 34 cm -2 s -1  Starting date: 2007 A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS

3. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20043page Inner Detector Axial Magnetic field 2 Tesla Pixel Detector (r = 4.8-16 cm) Semiconductor Tracker (r = 27-52 cm) Transition Radiation Tracker (r = 56 – 107cm) Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) 4 cylindrical barrel layers 2 X 9 EndCap disks Hermetic coverage |η| < 2.5 4088 silicon modules 16000 single detectors ~62m² of silicon 6.3 million read-out channels Ambient temperature: -7 0 Resolution: - σ (Rφ) = 16 μm - σ (z) = 500 μm ATLAS Inner Detector and Silicon Tracker

4. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20044page  silicon microstrip p + on n detectors  768 AC-coupled readout strips  pitch size - 80 μm (barrel) - 50 – 90 μm (endcap) 5 different module types 1 barrel type 4 endcap (forward) types - outer - middle - short middle - inner Difference between types geometry (mainly) different radial position on disk Barrel module Middle forward module SCT Modules

5. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20045page Detector part Hamamatsu, CiS 4 single sided silicon sensors, 285  m thick total strip length: 12 cm back to back sensors, 40 mrad stereo angle Spine (Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite ) sandwiched between the pair - mechanical spacer/ heat spreader Hybrid Cu/Polyimide flexible circuit laminated onto a carbon-carbon substrate 2x6 binary readout ASIC - each chip reads out 128 channels - radiation hard DMILL technology optical data transmission temperature sensors Opto chip ABCD3T chip Optical links used for CLK/COM + data transmission Endcap Module Design and Hybrid

6. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20046page Production of the 4088 modules takes place at several sites worldwide –4 barrel module assembly sites in Japan, Scandinavia, UK and USA –7 forward module assembly sites in Australia, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the UK Modules must satisfy many criteria and tolerances – e.g. –a range of mechanical tolerances, some < 5  m –module leakage current < 80  A at 350V –noise per channel < 1500 ENC (non-irradiated) –average noise occupancy at 1 fC threshold < 5 x 10 -4 –< 1% bad channels Module Production Extensive quality assurance

7. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20047page  Geneva: Production of ~630 outer EndCap modules (to be shipped to CERN for quality assurance).  Lab with clean room facilities and infrastructure - controlled access - temperature and humidity control - personnel: smocks, hairnets, (antistatic) slippers, face mask - antistatic stations (floor and bench mats) - clean room with temperature (21±1)º and humidity (40±5)% control, class 1000  Classify the modules (according to specifications) as: - good/pass/fail/hold - rework (wire bonds defects, chips replacement etc) Production in Geneva (1)

8. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20048page Tests of components before assembly Visual inspection and electrical tests of hybrid performance. IV measurements of the individual silicon sensors. Inspection of mechanical pieces (spine,pad-locator, fan-ins…) probe station Production in Geneva (2) metrology station

9. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 20049page Tests during module assembly IV measurements - after spine/sensors gluing - after hybrid gluing - after wire bonding Tests after module assembly: thermal cycling -(-30) – (+35) degrees - ~17 hours module supported without stress on a jig nitrogen flow (for dew point control) and cooling metrology electrical readout tests of the module IV measurements of a module during different assembly stages Climate chamber For T.C Production in Geneva (3)

10. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200410page Metrology Plots (1) The position of 50 different points on each side relative to a reference plane Z=0 out of specsGood module

11. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200411page Metrology Plots (2) Good moduleout of specs

12. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200412page Z profile distributions: thickness rear Z (50 points) front Z (50 points) Metrology Plots (3) Well Within Specifications! Summary of modules produced so far

13. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200413page nitrogen flow inlet coolant inlet Kapton cables patch card cooling blocks Module in a Test Box

14. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200414page  Test the electrical performance of the module  Internal calibration circuit to inject charge of adjustable amplitude in the preamplifier of each channel  Adjust channel-to-channel threshold variations (trim DAC in chip)  Binary front-end chip -> occupancy vs threshold scan -> s-curves -Gain, offset, ENC for each channel  Noise Occupancy - Probability for a strip to give a hit for a certain event - Threshold scan without input charge - < 5 x 10 -4 at 1fC nominal threshold Occupancy Vs channel and threshold Occupancy Vs threshold Module Readout Tests

15. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200415page DataBase query Metrology before and after T.C Electrical tests results Pictures of bottom and top sides. Comments + pictures Current location WebPage of Completed Module

16. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200416page Problems (1) module 23 – readout test failed, 16 consecutive channels open, big scratch observed on fan-ins after assembly. lesson – inspect all fan-ins before assembly. Magnification *50Magnification *200Magnification *500

17. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200417page Problems (2) module 29 – IV breakdown of one detector after assembly phase 1. Detector was suspicious when tested individually. lesson – do not use problematic detectors. module 35 – high leakage current due to scratches in guard ring and HV ring. lesson – inspection of detector edges.

18. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200418page Problems (3) rework doesn’t always work – module 134 – breaking fan- in while refilling glue below top fan-in. Crack of 20 consecutive channels.

19. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200419page Some Statistics

20. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200420page Production Status Barrel modules: Production nearly completed ! EndCap modules: ~42% produced

21. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200421page Integration of the Overall SCT Detector System Parts from 11 different production sites: A very challenging task!

22. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200422page System test of SCT detector operation (1) ¼ of a disk inside a shielding box geometry and mounting scheme close to final ATLAS conditions prototypes of cables, patch-panels, power supplies, DAQ

23. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200423page System test of SCT detector operation (2) Purpose: verifying: - performance on disk similar to performance in test box  - no significant common mode noise  - no significant cross-talk  developing good grounding and shielding 

24. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200424page Summary The ATLAS SCT will be a substantial part of the ATLAS inner detector. Production and tests so far have demonstrated that the mechanical precisions can be met with sufficient yield. The electrical performance of modules in our production is according to the design specifications. Production is almost completed for barrel modules and is well underway for the EndCap modules. Electrical tests of the completed barrels and disks and the integration into the ID is still a major effort.

25. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200425page The modules are arranged to provide 4 space points per track up to pseudo rapidity angle of 2.5. Each module measures two coordinates barrel endcap A+B endcap C

26. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200426page No significant differences before and after thermal cycling Before After For the metrology of each module the following plots are made: Metrology

27. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200427page Integration area (SR1) at CERN assembly area Clean room, 700m² Rack area Control room  SCT modules will be mounted on support carbon-fibre structures at 4 different sites (barrel-oxford, liverpool,nikhef-endcap).  4 SCT barrels, 2 ECs (9 disks each) fully mounted will arrive to CERN  acceptance tests of barrels and disks individually  assembly of 4 barrels and mounting of all thermal enclosures  insertion of SCT into TRT (barrel, endcaps)  tests of SCT/TRT after insertion -> Ready to go to the pit!

28. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200428page System test of SCT detector operation (2) Purpose: verifying: - performance on disk similar to performance in test box - no common mode noise - no cross-talk developing good grounding and shielding Achievements: grounding and shielding schemes modules operate on disk – results similar to modules in a test box no ‘cross-talk’ – running many modules together on a sector is the same like running one by one.

29. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200429page  Thermal cycling (cycle from +35 0 C to -30 0 C in 17 hours) in a climate chamber. - module supported without stress on a jig - nitrogen air flow (for dew point control) and cooling accommodated Production in Geneva (4) Dew point, frost point and absolute humidity determined from the relative humidity and the temperature of the cabinet. The frost point has no meaning above 0º.

30. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200430page The Integration timescale

31. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200431page  Extensive QA tests on all components - before module assembly - after module assembly (module QA) Green light for production from the SCT steering group requires:  pre-qualification procedure (2 pre-qual. modules, results on web)  qualification procedure (5 qual. modules, results on web and SCT database) The QA procedures are well documented Qualified EndCap production sites: (Freiburg, Geneva/CERN, MPI Munich/Prague, NIKHEF, UK north, Valencia) Quality Assurance

32. Shulamit Moed Vertex 2004, Como, September 200432page The Assembly of the endcaps TRT EndCap SCT EndCapsupport trolley SCT TRT Insertion tool SCT EndCap