1. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Information Architecture Damien Markey

2. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Damien Markey- Information Architecture Investigate the importance of navigation for sites/CD productions Structuring Content – “Chunking” Common Navigational Models –Their suitability for different scenarios User Paths –The purpose of User Paths –Identifying User paths from User analysis Examples of sites and DVDs

3. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications The Importance of Navigation Without good navigation that is tailored to the users needs –Users will not find what they want –They will not provide the information the site requires –The users will become frustrated, leave and not return –Customers will be lost!

4. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Good Navigation – Build Components Navigation should make logical sense to the user (not necessarily the site designer) –Needs to be well structured –Needs to be well signposted –Needs to suit the users needs We will cover these through –Chunking –Design (covered here and in the design lecture) –User paths

5. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications “Chunking” Gather as much content for the site as you can –Or descriptions of content to be created This process does as it says –Survey/Scan/Review all the content –“chunk” content into logical groups Re-view the content –Create sub groups of content for under group headings –Stop at level of detail where pages have similar layout/links but different content

6. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Chunked site Major Groupings Minor Groupings Content Level

7. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Common Navigational Models Directed Navigation –User is guided to a particular area e.g. GAP.com Searchable Navigation –User can search for the area they want e.g. Google.com or Yahoo.comGoogle.com Yahoo.com Tabbed Navigation –Heavily categorised sites that show range of options e.g www.amazon.com

8. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Navigational Models - Directed

9. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Navigational Models - Searchable

10. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Navigational Models - Tabbed

11. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Navigational Models - Linear Here the user is guided in a linear (forwards – backwards) fashion

12. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Common Navigational Models - Benefits Directed –Good for highly segmented, niche sites such as clothing, jewellery, Music Searchable –Good for large, unstructured, reference style sites Tabbed –Suitable for large, broad-ranged, structured sites Linear is useful for literary book/magazine sites For more guidance try the “Yale Style Manual” at: http://www.webstyleguide.com http://www.webstyleguide.com

13. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Navigational Models - Design Design should signpost the user to –Where they are –Relevant links –Return (or Exit) options Closely linked to the tone/style of the site

14. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Paper Prototypes These are example pages that simulate on paper –the home page –The main section pages –Main content pages –Any important transaction pages They are not visual previews of the page but example to help you go through the user paths A downloadable kit is available at http://www.infodesign.com.au/usabilityresources/desi gn/paperprototypinggraphics.asp http://www.infodesign.com.au/usabilityresources/desi gn/paperprototypinggraphics.asp

15. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications User Paths User paths are derived from the user cases/profiles in the definition stage They are “typical” transactions that these users may perform on the site e.g –User wants to buy a Washing Machine –User wants the latest story –User wants to see stories on their football team –User wants to contact the company Create user scenarios and run through your designs trying to achieve the tasks

16. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications User Paths These scenario run throughs are called the user paths Your aim is to make them as short as possible –to avoid user frustration –and provide the exact information the user wants These should be tied closely to your user’s needs as identified in the analysis Once completed review your site chunks again to try and optimise the navigation

17. Copyright © 2003 Bolton Institute Department of Computing and Electronic Technology - Multimedia Integration and Applications Examples of good and bad navigation We will look at several websites and DVD’s to compare good and bad navigation elements including –Good News.bbc.co.uk www.amazon.com Terminator 2 DVD –Bad Highlander DVD www.melaniegriffith.com