1. J. B. Natowitz CCAST Workshop, Beijing August 2005

2. E. Bell 1, M. Cinausero 2, Y. El Masri 6,D. Fabris 3, K. Hagel 1, J. Iglio 1, A. Keksis 1, T. Keutgen 6, M. Lunardon 3, Z. Majka 4, A. Martinez-Davalos, 5 A. Menchaca-Rocha 5, S. Kowalski 1,T. Materna 1, J. B. Natowitz 1, G. Nebbia 3, L. Qin 1, G. Prete, 2 R. Murthy 1, V. Rizzi, 3 D. V. Shetty 1, S. Soisson 1, B. Stein 1, G. Souliotis 1, P. M. Veselsky 1, A. Wieloch 1, G. Viesti, 3 R. Wada 1, J. Wang 1, S. Wuenshel 1, and S. J. Yennello 1 1 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 2 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy 3 INFN Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy 4 Jagellonian University, Krakow, Poland 5 UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 6 UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

3. Reactions 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 58 Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 92 Mo 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 197 Au 40A MeV 40 Ar + 112 Sn 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 92 Mo 47A MeV 64 Zn + 92 Mo 55A MeV 27 Al + 124 Sn R. Wada et al. Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004) J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005) J. Wang et al. ArXiV nucl-ex/0408002, 2005

4. Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions - 15,26,35.,47A MeV 64 Zn + 58 Ni, 92 Mo and 197 Au 15 26 35 47 64 Zn + 92 Mo 64 Zn + 197 Au R.Wada, et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004)

6. Evolution ? Equilibration ? Equation of State ?

7. NIMROD DETECTOR 4 π Charged Particle Telescopes and 4 π Neutron Calorimeter

8. NIMROD DATA

10. Source Fits (and Velocity Plots) are Used to Test for Origin of Ejectiles 4 He -CsI Detectors Phase 1 Phase 2 “Central Collision”

11. 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 58 Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 92 Mo 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 197 Au

12. Coalescence Model Coalescence Model = A -1 – 1 1 _____ A.Z. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. C 17, 1051 (1978); Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 640 (1977); Phys. Lett B 89,177 ( 1980) 1

13. Double Isotope Temperatures T HHe = 14.3 14.3 1.59 [ Y d ] [ Y 4 He ] 1.59 [ Y d ] [ Y 4 He ] [ Y t ] [ Y 3 He ] [ Y t ] [ Y 3 He ] ln Binding Energy Differences Mass and Spin Factors

14. Early Emission  Equilibration ? Evaporation or Disassembly Velocity Dependence of Y(t)/Y(3He), Radius and Temperature

15. Relationship of Average Emission Time with Surface Velocity (AMD Calculation)

16. Conversion From Velocity to Time

17. Evidence for Equilibration (A Ghoshal Experiment) J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005)

18. J. Wang et al. nucl-ex/0408002, 2005 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 58 Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 92 Mo 26, 35, 47A MeV 64 Zn + 197 Au

19. Further Evidence for Equilibration (Thermal and Chemical)

20. Evolution of Emission Rates Very Similar Results for Au, Mo Targets Nucleons Earliest, Then A=2,3 Clusters, Then Alphas Why Evolve to Such Large Alpha Fractions Late?

21. Alpha Clustering in Low Density Nuclear Material (Surface, Gas) Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star H.Shen, H.Toki, K.Oyamatsu, K.Sumiyoshi Nucl.Phys. A637 (1998) 435-450H.ShenH.TokiK.OyamatsuK.Sumiyoshi

22. nucl-th/0507033 Cluster Formation and The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Nuclear Matter C.J. Horowitz, A. SchwenkC.J. HorowitzA. Schwenk

23. nucl-th/0507064 The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Neutron Matter Authors: C.J. Horowitz, A. SchwenkC.J. HorowitzA. Schwenk

24. DENSITY DETERMINED FROM ALPHA MASS FRACTION and TEMPERATURE

25. Tapas SilTapas Sil, B. K. Agrawal, J. N. De, S. K. Samaddar,B. K. AgrawalJ. N. DeS. K. Samaddar Phys.Rev. C63 (2001) 054604 Thomas- Fermi Calculations

26. T. Sil 186Re T= 5-7 MeV

27. J.B. ElliottJ.B. Elliott, L.G. Moretto, L. Phair, G.J. Wozniak Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 024609L.G. MorettoL. PhairG.J. Wozniak Constructing the phase diagram of finite neutral nuclear matter nucl-ex/0206010 J.B. Natowitz, K. Hagel,J.B. NatowitzK. Hagel Y. MaY. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin,M. MurrayL. Qin S. ShlomoS. Shlomo, R. Wada, J. WangR. WadaJ. Wang

28. Isoscaling Analyses and Symmetry Energy M.B. TsangM.B. Tsang, W.A. Friedman, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch,W.A. FriedmanC.K. GelbkeW.G. Lynch G. VerdeG. Verde and H.S. Xu, Phys.Rev. C64 (2001) 041603H.S. Xu A Comparison of the Yields of Emitted Species for Two Different Sources of Similar Excitation Energy and Temperature but Differing in Their Neutron to Proton Ratios  sym 4

29. Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source 0.25 7.75

30. Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source  = (4  /T)[(Z/A) 2 Mo – (Z/A) 2 Au ]  = (4  /T)[(N/A) 2 Mo – (N/A) 2 Au ] If Only Symmetry Energy Determines Relative Yields  = [(Z/A) 2 Mo – (Z/A) 2 Au ] [(1- Z/A) 2 Mo – (1- Z/A) 2 Au ]

31. Derived Symmetry Energy Coefficient

34. FINIS

35. PLO)T GOGNY !!!!

37. T=4 MeV T = 8 MeV

41. nucl-ex/0408002 Title: Tracing the Evolution of Temperature in Near Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Collisions Authors: J. Wang, R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin, A. Botvina, S. Kowalski, T. Materna, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, Z. Majka, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca- Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, W. Zipper, A. OnoJ. WangR. WadaT. KeutgenK. HagelY. G. MaM. MurrayL. QinA. BotvinaS. KowalskiT. MaternaJ. B. NatowitzR. AlfarroJ. CiborM. CinauseroY. El MasriD. FabrisE. FiorettoA. KeksisM. LunardonA. MakeevN. MarieE. MartinZ. MajkaA. Martinez-DavalosA. Menchaca- RochaG. NebbiaG. PreteV. RizziA. RuangmaD. V. ShettyG. SouliotisP. StaszelM. VeselskyG. ViestiE. M. WinchesterS. J. YennelloW. ZipperA. Ono

45. A "Little Big Bang" Scenario of Multifragmentation X. Campi, H. Krivine, E. Plagnol, N. Sator Journal-ref: Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 044610 X. CampiH. KrivineE. PlagnolN. Sator

46. Title: Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions Authors: R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, J. Wang, M. Murray, L. Qin, P. Smith, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca-Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, Z. Majka, A. Ono Phys.Rev. C69 (2004) 044610R. WadaT. KeutgenK. HagelY. G. Ma J. WangM. MurrayL. QinP. SmithJ. B. NatowitzR. AlfarroJ. CiborM. CinauseroY. El MasriD. FabrisE. FiorettoA. KeksisM. LunardonA. MakeevN. MarieE. MartinA. Martinez-DavalosA. Menchaca-RochaG. NebbiaG. PreteV. RizziA. RuangmaD. V. ShettyG. SouliotisP. StaszelM. VeselskyG. ViestiE. M. WinchesterS. J. YennelloZ. Majka A. Ono