1. Chapter 5 Measuring Variables

2. DESCRIBING VARIABLES Correspondence Standardization Quantification Duplication

3. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A MEASURING INSTRUMENT Utility Sensitivity to Small Changes Non-Reactivity Reliability –Test-retest method –Alternate-form method –Split-half method –Observer reliability Validity –Content validity –Criterion validity Concurrent validity Predictive validity –Face validity

4. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY REVISITED

5. MEASUREMENT ERRORS Constant Errors –Contrast error –Halo effect –Error of leniency –Error of severity –Error of central tendency Random Errors –Transient qualities of the research participant –Situational factors –Administrative factors