1. 13 - 1 Chapter 13 The First Component: Computer Systems

2. 13 - 2 The Computer Changed the World Huge variety of computers you will encounter –Mainframes? –Supercomputers? Advancement in computing –Development of electronics to replace manual calculators –Programs and data residing in computer memory More than 1 way to accomplish a task - different types of computers to solve similar problems

3. 13 - 3 Types of Systems Mainframes –Large, general purpose machines –Process transactions and maintain vital data –Proprietary hardware –Represent heavy investments –Process large amounts of data - critical transactions Supercomputers –Speeds of teraflops - 1 trillion floating-point instructions per second –parallel computing and vector technology Mini-computers –RISC - reduced instruction set computing –CISC - complex instruction set computing PCs –Changing chip technology - toward multiple processors –Reached limits of physics - chip design

4. 13 - 4 Types of Systems Client server systems Network computers Massively parallel computers - multiple processors - coordinating execution of instructions - challenging Grid computing - connect clusters of computers PDAs Mobile computing Developing architecture for organization difficult - major study, considerable effort

5. 13 - 5 Future Technology Predicting - risky Amazing chip - smaller, faster Servers - large and small - two approaches –Blade server - series of small computers –Large server - partition

6. 13 - 6 Client Server Systems The quest for smaller and faster chips Large and small servers

7. 13 - 7 Web Services Application - particular function - stove pipe ERP - connect functions Variety of software and programming techniques that foster integration between disparate applications –Based on XML - extensible markup language - tags describe data - semantic information –Components include Simple object access protocol (SOAP) - message envelope for sending - HTTP Universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI) - lets applications identify one another Web services description language (WSDL) - lets programs describe their capabilities

8. 13 - 8 Trends The Semantic Web –Attaching meaning to the contents of the Web - XML Moving software to the cloud –Avoiding software ownership Seamless, transparent computing Ubiquitous computing - well hidden - don’t recognize they are there A world wide computer –Solve large problems - using idle computers over the Internet Monitoring and sensing - cheaper to fix before becomes worse New chip technology - molecular level computer Implications

9. 13 - 9 Summary Changes in the technology force changes in hardware and software Efforts are underway to store content on the Web such that programs can interpret content meaning Trends to watch include ubiquitous computing and software distribution on the Internet