1. Energy Savings with EnergyEdge Brandi McManus, Energy Services Manager – MR&D

2. Energy Indicators Simple – from statistics –Benchmarks –Indices Corrected – for special energy uses –Site Survey Customized – close look at facility –Manual Calculations –Modeling

3. Benchmark vs. Indices Benchmark – A standard by which something can be measured or judged Indices – a quantity whose variation over a period of time measures the change in some phenomenon.

4. Benchmarks/Indices Historical Comparative Process vs Facility Facility vs Portfolio Performance Based Practice Based Meaningful Metrics are Key

5. Benchmarks can be used to… Compare Facilities Set Goals Communicate to customers

6. Benchmarks and Indices Simple goal: Is there an energy opportunity? Things to ALWAYS remember –Baseline – What happened that year? –Weather – Hotter or cooler? –Data – How complete and reliable?

7. A Comparison Sample: Office Building using € 120 000 per year and 9 290 m 2 Other buildings in Area –Building A: office € 210 000 18 580 m 2 –Building B: office€ 60 000 3 716 m 2 –Building C: hospital€ 560 000 13 935 m 2 –Building D: office€ 90 000 9 290 m 2 Which buildings do you compare to?

8. Some Types of Benchmarks and Indices Energy Cost Index (ECI) – Cost/Area Energy Utilization Index (EUI)- BTU’s/area Electric Consumption – kWh/Area Load Factor – Average Demand/Peak Demand Energy Intensity – BTU’s/use

9. Energy Cost Index (ECI) and Energy Utilization Index (EUI) Low ECI and Low EUI - The building is energy efficient and has normal utility rates Low ECI and High EUI - The building is energy inefficient and has low utility rates High ECI and Low EUI - The building is energy efficient and has high utility rates High ECI and High EUI - The building is energy inefficient and has normal utility rates Sample Building12,92 €/m 2 734 553 BTUs/m 2 Building A: office 11,3 €/m 2 642 734 BTUs/m 2 Building B: office16,15 €/m 2 918 192 BTUs/m 2 Building C: hospital40,19 €/m 2 2 203 660 BTUs/m 2 Building D: office9,69 €/m 2 550 915 BTUs/m 2

10. Electric Consumption Electric Consumption – kWh/Area Sample Building215 kWh/m 2 Building A: office 188 kWh/m 2 Building B: office269 kWh/m 2 Building C: hospital646 kWh/m 2 Building D: office161 kWh/m 2

11. Load Factor Load Factor = kWh / (time X kW) High – Used during unoccupied periods Example: Annual Consumption:2 000 000 kWh Annual Demand:700 kW Load Factor:

12. Energy Intensity Energy Intensity: The ratio of energy consumption to a measure of the demand for services –Segment –Number of buildings –Total floor space –Floor space-hours –Number of employees The more factors you incorporate…the more confidence in results

13. Energy Intensity by Building Type

14. Why Energy Intensity? Data available Trusted sources Credible International

15. Practice Problem: A Comparison Sample: Office Building using € 120 000per year and 9 290 m 2 Other buildings in Area –Building A: office € 210 000 18 580 m 2 –Building B: office € 60 000 3 716 m 2 –Building C: hospital€ 560 000 13 935 m 2 –Building D: office€ 90 000 9 290 m 2 SampleABCD Consumption (kWh) 2 000 000 3 500 000 1 000 000 9 000 000 1 500 000 Cost (€)120 000210 00060 000560 00090 000 Area (m 2) 9 29018 5803 71613 9359 290

16. Problem: Continued SampleABCD BTU’s/ m 2 734 553642 734918 1922 203 660550 915 €/ m 2 12,9211,3016,1540,199,69 kWh/ m 2 215188269646161 SampleABCD Energy Intensity (kWh/ m 2) 285 556285 Target Energy Use2 647 650 5 295 300 1 059 060 7 747 860 2 647 650 Possible Savings (kWh) -647 650-1 795 300 -59 0601 252 140 -1 147 650

17. Summary Types of Energy Efficiency Indicators –Energy Cost Index (ECI) – Cost/Area –Energy Utilization Index (EUI)- BTU’s/area –Electric Consumption – kWh/Area –Load Factor – Average Demand/Peak Demand –Energy Intensity

18. Key Points Know what you are comparing Know where your indices is coming from Use trusted data Use more than one index or benchmark if possible For Energy Intensity, use more than one factor

19. Now you can Define energy benchmark and indices List major types of energy efficiency indicators Compare a facility to a benchmark to determine if using more or less energy than benchmark Define Energy Intensity and why it is used

20. For more information EUI and ECU – www.energy.govwww.energy.gov Load Factor - http://www.nbpower.com/en/customers/ business/energy/load/load.aspx http://www.nbpower.com/en/customers/ business/energy/load/load.aspx Energy Intensity – –http://www.iea.org/http://www.iea.org/ –http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/ –http://www.sei.ie/energymap/index.asp?locID =795&docID=-1http://www.sei.ie/energymap/index.asp?locID =795&docID=-1