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Post-colonial Literature for Children – EDU32PLC Week 6 Lecture 10 Re-introductions: searching and defining © La Trobe University, David Beagley, 2005.

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Presentation on theme: "Post-colonial Literature for Children – EDU32PLC Week 6 Lecture 10 Re-introductions: searching and defining © La Trobe University, David Beagley, 2005."— Presentation transcript:

1 Post-colonial Literature for Children – EDU32PLC Week 6 Lecture 10 Re-introductions: searching and defining © La Trobe University, David Beagley, 2005

2 Searching Relevant resources Ultimately, YOU are the judge. Is the resource authoritative (the writer has an authority to speak) and valid (it deals with the issue at hand)? Books - library catalogue – reference lists – course readings Journal articles - refereed / unrefereed - LibXplore Web sites - gateways and Google

3 References Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H. (1989) Introduction. The Empire Writes Back, London: Routledge Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H. (2000) Post-Colonial Studies: the key concepts, London: Routledge esp. entries on colonialism, Euro-centrism, imperialism, Orientalism Hunt, P. and Sands, K. (2000) The view from the centre: British Empire and post-Empire children’s literature. in Voices of the Other: children’s literature and the postcolonial context. Ed. Roderick McGillis. London: Garland Course readings - Topic Three: Representing other cultures in Post-colonial Australian Children’s Literature

4 Revisit some terms, and meet some new ones Colonialism / Imperialism Imperial centre / Colonial centre Orientalism Ethno-centrism – Euro-centrism Subaltern and Commonwealth literatures Cultural markers Multiculturalism - Assimilation - Apartheid

5 Colonialism & Imperialism Colonialism - the implanting of settlements of the colonising power on distant territory Imperialism - the practice and attitudes of a dominant imperial centre ruling distant territory The key difference is how the coloniser’s culture and society are transferred to the colony, and consequent attitudes of superiority. Subjection or paternalism? Subordinate or child?

6 Imperial centre / Colonial centre Centre and its circle - the centre and the outside Imperial centre - the dominance and implied superiority of the original society, from its “home” Colonial centre - the dominance of the introduced society over the indigenous, in the colony Superiority is a binary definition - it requires an “Other” against which the superior is compared in order to be better than it.

7 Orientalism & Ethno-centrism Ethno-centrism - the defining of one culture as the normal, the natural, the universal, against which all others are defined and measured Orientalism - the defining of the rest of the world as “not-European” which entitles Europe to describe it, interpret it, and dominate it. Cf. 1st world/3rd world, Developed/Emerging, East/West, North/South, Democratic/dictatorial, Free world/Iron curtain, Defenders of freedom/Axis of Evil, Jihad/Crusaders

8 Subaltern and Commonwealth literatures Subaltern - “under the other”. Branches of a literature that have sprung after the original has been established. Commonwealth - specifically the nations and cultures that have, at some time, been part of the British Empire/Commonwealth Ongoing links - language, cultural elements, history Differences - distinct voices, interpretation, alternatives

9 Cultural markers How is one culture distinguished from another? Language Religious beliefs - morality and expressions of right and wrong Social groups - family, kinship, castes/classes. Responsibilities to each other History - how it has been shaped, and treated in relation to other cultures Outward expressions of identity

10 Multiculturalism Relating to several cultural groups Co-existing Inclusive - allows the equivalence of those several Breaks the binary pattern of superior/inferior - invader/indigenous - imperial/provincial Difficulties: how are contradictions resolved?

11 Assimilation The culture of one group is seen as the norm in a society Other groups are allowed freedom for personal expression of their culture …but … Are expected to adapt their cultural markers to the pattern allowed by that norm, if there is a contradiction

12 Apartheid Separate development of cultures in a society - Apart + hood Developed and formalised in South Africa 1948-91 Expressed by separation - transport and social facilities, schooling, ownership and economics In theory, to allow cultural integrity to be maintained and developed In practice, the suppression of “other” groups to the advantage of a dominant


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