1. Submitted By- Richa Singh Monica Tripathi Ruben Paul Chhaya Kashyap Vividh Jain Guided By- Mrs.K.Vasumathy

2. WHAT IS LANDLINE SWITCHING? Landline switching is a process by which different calls are routed or connected between different subscribers at various levels within a network.

3. BL0CK DIAGRAM OF BASIC SWITCHING TECHNIQUE SUBSCRIBER DPDP SWITCHING ROOM MDF PILLAR

4. WHAT IS A DP? DP stands for Distribution Point, which is basic unit of landline switching system. Generally a DP connects 5 subscribers.

5. PILLARS Pillar is the next junction of the switching system. Several DPs are connected to a single pillar. A pillar generally connects 400 subscribers.

6. MDF MDF stands for Main Distribution Frame. MDF is the next junction which connects different pillars of a particular area. MDF is divided into certain blocks. Each block deals with 100 subscribers.

7. SWITCHING ROOM This is the major station of the switching system. Here all the switching equipments are located. All kinds of call routing are performed here.

8. TYPES OF EXCHANGE Local Exchange. Tax Exchange.

9. LOCAL EXCHANGE Local Exchange handles all the local call routing. A local exchange is limited to a small area.

10. TAX EXCHANGE Tax Exchange is done in two levels. Level-1, Level-2. Tax Exchange handles all the STD call routing.

11. LEVEL-2 EXCHANGE All kinds of local exchanges area connected to Level-2 exchange. Level-2 identifies the STD calls based on area codes and transfers it to the level-1 exchange.

12. LEVEL-1 EXCHANGE A Level-1 Exchange is like a big hub for all the Level-2 exchange. It further determines the incoming calls for further routing by identifying the STD codes or state codes. There are two setups for level-1, so that routing does not stops in case of failures or heavy traffic.

13. THANKYOU