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Environmental Biology for Engineers and Scientists D.A. Vaccari, P.F. Strom, and J.E. Alleman © John Wiley & Sons, 2005 Chapter 13 – Microbial Transformations
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Figure 13 ‑ 1. Carbon Oxidation State Extremes
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Figure 13 ‑ 2. Redox Ranges for some Elements of Major Biochemical Importance
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Figure 13 ‑ 3. Biochemical Carbon Transformations
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Figure 13 ‑ 4. Calvin Cycle Carbon Fixation Process
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Figure 13 ‑ 5. BOD bottle
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Figure 13 ‑ 6. BOD exerted vs. time
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Figure 13 ‑ 7. Structures of DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), DDE (dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethene, and DDD (dichloro-diphenyl- dichloroethane).
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Figure 13 ‑ 8. Tollund man: photograph of a 2000 year old body recovered from a Danish bog
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Figure 13 ‑ 9. Foaming from detergents in the 1950s at a municipal sewage treatment plant and on the Passaic River, NJ. [Courtesy of J. Hunter.]
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Figure 13 ‑ 10. Example of monooxygenase activity on a straight chain hydrocarbon
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Figure 13 ‑ 11. Five pathways for toluene oxidation.
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Figure 13 ‑ 12. Examples of Possible Cometabolism. The main (growth) substrate in each pair is located on the left, with areas of similarity indicated by a, b, or c.
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Figure 13 ‑ 13. Deamination and Decarboxylation of an Amino Acid.
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Figure 13 ‑ 14. Polymerization of Trinitrotoluene (TNT).
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Figure 13 ‑ 15. Examples of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Related Compunds.
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Figure 13 ‑ 16. Example of Possible Humic Acid Chemical Structure.
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Figure 13 ‑ 17. Nitrogen Oxidation State Extremes.
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Figure 13 ‑ 18. Biochemical Nitrogen Transformations.
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Figure 13 ‑ 19. Nitrogen Fixation Pathway.
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Figure 13 ‑ 20. Denitrification Pathway.
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Figure 13 ‑ 21. Clustered Nitrifying Cocci within Activated Sludge Floc (~2000X).
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Figure 13 ‑ 22. The Steps in Autotrophic Nitrification: a) Ammonia Oxidation; b) Nitrite Oxidation.
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Figure 13 ‑ 23. Breakpoint Chlorination.
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Figure 13 ‑ 24. Sulfur Oxidation State Extremes.
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Figure 13 ‑ 25. Biochemical Sulfur Transformations.
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Figure 13 ‑ 26. Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) Reactions Over Remote Ocean Waters (DMSP = Dimethylsulfonium Propionate).
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Figure 13 ‑ 27. Energetic Proton Gradient for Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Chemolithotrophs.
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Figure 13 ‑ 28. Gallionella-Type Bacteria with Unusual Corkscrew Configuration.
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Figure 13 ‑ 29. Seasonal Shifts in Lake Stratification Leading to Increased Presence of Soluble Reduced Manganese (Mn2+) in Potable Waters.
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Figure 13 ‑ 30. Mobilization of Reduced Manganese and Iron by Groundwater Contamination.
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