1. 1 Chapter 3 Fin. Statements and Cash Flow A brief overview of what you should have learned in Accounting Unless excluded, you are responsible for everything in this chapter. Understand what is happening at McDonald’s

2. 2 Income Statement Profits generated by a firm over a period –Sales less expenses = income –Revenues (sales), COGS, operating expense, financing costs and taxes Essential concepts: Operating profits (EBIT) Net income – can be distributed as dividends or reinvested in the business

3. 3 Income Statement

4. 4

5. 5 McDonald’s Income 2000 Sales$14.2 billion Gross profits 5.6 Operating profits 3.3 Net income 2.0 For every sales dollar, earned 39¢ in gross profits, 23¢ in operating profits and 14¢ in net income. Be able to derive these.

6. 6 Sales to EBIT to Profits EBIT – Earnings Before Interest and Taxes –Sometimes called operating earnings –EBIT affected solely by sales, COGS, op exp After EBIT, we can see the impacts of financing decisions and taxes –Interest, taxes and preferred dividends –What’s left is net income

7. 7 Balance Sheet Assets, liabilities and owner-supplied capital as of a point in time Understand asset categories Debt – current and long-term Equity – proceeds from common and preferred stock sales and retained earnings

8. 8 Balance Sheet Components

9. 9 McDonald’s Balance Sheet

10. 10 McD’s Balance Sheet Net working capital (CA – CL) is negative ($1.7 – 2.4 = - 0.7)Why? Large investment in noncurrent assets ($20 of $22)Why? Total liabilities $11.8 + net worth 9.9 = 21.7 How financing assets? 54% with debt

11. 11 Retained Earnings Sales $14.2 -COGS -8.6 -G&A -2.3 -Interest -0.4 PBT 2.9 -Tax @31% -0.9 PAT 2.0 What is added to retained earnings? PAT 2.0 Less Dividend -0.7 To retained Earnings 1.3

12. 12 Cash Flow Statement Actual, annual cash flows generated by the firm. Three sources and uses of cash: –Operations –Investment activities –Financing transactions

13. 13 Cash Flow Summary From Operations including Cash received from customers less supplier payments, other operating outflows, cash tax payments From investment activities including Less increases in gross fixed assets From financing activities Add increase in borrowing/stock sales, subtract dividends

14. 14 Operating Cash Flows Includes collections from customers, payments to suppliers, other operating outflows and taxes paid in cash Collections – not the same as sales Supplier payments – COGS plus increase in inventories and decline in payables Other operating outflows: interest and taxes but not depreciation

15. 15 Operating Cash Flows - 1994 Inflows from customers $8,298 Less: cash payments to suppliers -4,346 Other operating outflows –Marketing and G&A -1,208 –Interest -373 –Change in prepaids/accruals +61 Cash tax payments - 693 Cash flow from operating activities +1,729

16. 16 Investment Activities How much did the company use for facilities and other long-term investments? Change in gross fixed assets, long-term investments and intangibles (goodwill)

17. 17 Investment Activities Increase in gross fixed assets $(1,726) Increase in investments ( 122) Increase in other assets ( 109) Equals outflows from investment (1,957)

18. 18 Financing Transactions Inflows from or outflows to shareholders or lenders. –Inflows: stock sales and new borrowing –Outflows: debt repayments (but not interest) and dividends Sum of three cash flows (operating, investing, financing) shows change in cash holdings during the year.

19. 19 Financing Activities Increase short-term notes+$1,192 Decrease long-term debt -460 New common stock sold +29 Common stock dividends -539 Total financing receipts 222

20. 20 Total Cash Flows (1994) From Operating Activities$1,729 From Investment Activities -1,957 From Financing Activities+ 222 Change in cash (1993 to 1994)- 6

21. 21 Indirect Method Operating Cash Flow Applies to operating cash flows; provides same answer Starts with net income Adds back noncash charges Subtracts any increase in current assets Adds any increase in current liabilities (except borrowings) Equals operating cash flow

22. 22 Asset/Liability Changes An increase in an asset is a use of cash An increase in a liability is a source of cash Increase payables $100 to buy $100 of inventory Source of cash is accounts payable, use of cash is the inventory.

23. 23 Indirect Method Net income1,179 Add Depreciation 478 Subtract increases in receivables, inventory and prepaids (83) Add increase in payables, accruals, and taxes 155 Equals operating cash flow1,729

24. 24 McD’s – What Did You Learn? 14¢ in net income for every sales dollar Few current assets; negative working capital Assets financed by ≈ debt/equity split Cash flows used to increase asset base Financing flows reduced LTD and paid dividends.

25. 25 Multinational Firms Countries use different reporting systems –Makes comparisons extremely difficult International Accounting Standards Committee attempting to develop common standards. –So far unsuccessful; US rejected –Outlook uncertain but discussions continue