1. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 1 Heavy Flavour in ALICE Federico Antinori (INFN Padova & CERN) for the ALICE Collaboration

2. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 2Contents The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE Expected performance (examples) Expected performance (examples) D 0  K -  + D 0  K -  + D +  K -  +  + D +  K -  +  + B  e + X B  e + X B  µ + X B  µ + X B  J/  + X B  J/  + X … Coming up: proton-proton Coming up: proton-proton Conclusion Conclusion

3. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 3 The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE (or “ALICE in Wonderland”)

4. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 4 LHC Running conditions: Running conditions: + other ions (Sn, Kr, O) & energies (e.g.: pp @ 5.5 TeV) + other ions (Sn, Kr, O) & energies (e.g.: pp @ 5.5 TeV) *L max (ALICE) = 10 31 ** L int (ALICE) ~ 0.5 nb -1 /year Collision system √s NN (TeV) L 0 (cm -2 s -1 ) Run time (s/year)  geom (b) pp14.0 10 34 * 10 7 0.07 PbPb5.5 10 27 10 6 ** 7.7 pPb8.8 10 29 10 6 1.9 ArAr6.3 10 29 10 6 2.7

5. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 5 Heavy Flavour @ LHC cc and bb rates cc and bb rates ALICE PPR (NTLO + shadowing) ALICE PPR (NTLO + shadowing) 115 / 4.6 0.65 / 0.85 6.6 / 0.2 Pb-Pb 5.5 TeV (5% cent) 0.16 / 0.007 1 / 1 11.2 / 0.5 pp 14 TeV shadowingsystem NN x-sect (mb) total multiplicity PbPb pp PbPb pp cc bb PbPb/pp

6. Exploring the low-x region… Shadowing, saturation, … Shadowing, saturation, … 6  p-A essential!

7. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 7 Probing the medium... study medium with probes of known colour charge and mass study medium with probes of known colour charge and mass  e.g.: energy loss by gluon radiation expected to be: parton-specific: stronger for gluons than quarks (colour charge ratio = 9/4) parton-specific: stronger for gluons than quarks (colour charge ratio = 9/4) flavour-specific: stronger for lighter than for heavier quarks (dead-cone effect) flavour-specific: stronger for lighter than for heavier quarks (dead-cone effect) study effect of medium on fragmentation (no extra production of c, b at hadronization) study effect of medium on fragmentation (no extra production of c, b at hadronization)  independent string fragmentation vs recombination e.g.: D + s /D + e.g.: D + s /D + + measurement important for quarkonium physics + measurement important for quarkonium physics open QQ production natural normalization for quarkonium studies open QQ production natural normalization for quarkonium studies B meson decays non negligible source of non-prompt J/  at LHC B meson decays non negligible source of non-prompt J/  at LHC

8. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 8 Large suppression at RHIC! yet, region above 3-4 GeV expected to be dominated by beauty... yet, region above 3-4 GeV expected to be dominated by beauty... [Xin Dong@QM05] n.p. electrons ~ as suppressed as expected for c only (no b) n.p. electrons ~ as suppressed as expected for c only (no b) scaled to M. Cacciari et al., hep-ph/0502203 [J.Bielcik @QM05] disentangling c/b is a must disentangling c/b is a must  full reconstruction of D vertices! non phot. el.

9. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 9 By the way: the factor 9/4? energy loss should be proportional to: C R = 4/3 for q, = 3 for g energy loss should be proportional to: C R = 4/3 for q, = 3 for g at RHIC, at 6-8 GeV p T : x ~ 10 -1 at RHIC, at 6-8 GeV p T : x ~ 10 -1  large quark contribution also for light flavours? at LHC, at same p T : x ~ a few 10 -4 at LHC, at same p T : x ~ a few 10 -4  quark contribution negligible

10. 10 ALICE Set-up HMPID Muon Arm TRD PHOS PMD ITS TOF TPC Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tons

11. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 11 longitudinal coverage: |  | < 1 (tracking), |  |<2 (multiplicity) Inner Tracking System (ITS)

12. 12 ITS and TPC

13. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 13 Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) PIXEL CELL z: 425  m r  : 50  m Two layers: r = 4 cm r = 7 cm  9.8 M

14. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 14 Expected resolution on track impact parameter track impact parameter (d 0 ) track impact parameter (d 0 )

15. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 15 Expected performance (examples)

16. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 16 D0  K-+D0  K-+D0  K-+D0  K-+ expected ALICE performance expected ALICE performance S/B ≈ 10 % S/B ≈ 10 % S/  (S+B) ≈ 40 (1 month Pb-Pb running) S/  (S+B) ≈ 40 (1 month Pb-Pb running) statistical. systematic. p T - differential

17. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 17 D+  K-++D+  K-++D+  K-++D+  K-++ Performance comparable to that for D 0  K -  + Performance comparable to that for D 0  K -  + Pb-Pb significance ~ 30 (1 month) p-p

18. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 18 Beauty to electrons Expected ALICE performance (1 month Pb-Pb) Expected ALICE performance (1 month Pb-Pb) e ± identification from TRD and dE/dx in TPC e ± identification from TRD and dE/dx in TPC impact parameter from ITS impact parameter from ITS S/(S+B) S per 10 7 central Pb-Pb events

19. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 19 Electrons (from b) p t spectrum Error composition stat error stat  syst error 11% from overall normalization not included

20. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 20 Expected performance on D, B R AA m b = 4.8 GeV D 0  K    B  e + X 1 year at nominal luminosity (10 7 central Pb-Pb events, 10 9 pp events) should help clarify the heavy flavour quenching story! should help clarify the heavy flavour quenching story! mass dependence colour charge dependence

21. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 21 Beauty to single muons expected in the muon arm expected in the muon arm  very high statistics and heavy flavour purity expected

22. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 22 Beauty to dimuons Two main sources: Two main sources: Bµ + + D + X µ - + X B B X + µ + “BD SAME ”“BB DIFF ”

23. consistency check! consistency check! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 23 low mass  high mass 

24. 24 B  J/  + X More “exclusive” than B  e/µ + X More “exclusive” than B  e/µ + X better handle on B momentum distribution better handle on B momentum distribution Preliminary pp study: pseudoproper decay time Preliminary pp study: pseudoproper decay time (à la CDF) CDF (data) ALICE (prelim. simulation) p T >0 F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008

25. Many more under study… F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 25

26. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 26 Coming up: pp

27. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 27 Example: D 0 in pp D 0  K -  + D 0  K -  + 1 year run  ~ 10 9 events 1 year run  ~ 10 9 events ~ 20 shifts, 10 hrs each  a few 10 7 events ~ 20 shifts, 10 hrs each  a few 10 7 events  reach out to 12 GeV or so

28. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 28 Example: B  e + X in pp

29. LHC Cooldown F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 29

30. ALICE Status 1/5 PHOS, 4/18 TRD, 18/18 TOF HMPID 0/6 EMCAL Detector Status Today & for First Beam

31. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 31 ALICE Status Startup configuration: Startup configuration: complete: ITS, TPC, TOF, HMPID, muon arm, trigger detectors (V0, T0, ZDC, Acorde) complete: ITS, TPC, TOF, HMPID, muon arm, trigger detectors (V0, T0, ZDC, Acorde) partially complete: PHOS (1/5), TRD (4/18), PMD (6/48), DAQ/HLT (20-30%) partially complete: PHOS (1/5), TRD (4/18), PMD (6/48), DAQ/HLT (20-30%) Timeline: Timeline: Global commissioning/cosmic runs I and II in Dec 2007 & Feb 2008 Global commissioning/cosmic runs I and II in Dec 2007 & Feb 2008 Cosmic run III under way Cosmic run III under way LHC will close end July  first injection expected shortly after LHC will close end July  first injection expected shortly after commissioning run in 2008 commissioning run in 2008 “long run” in 2009 “long run” in 2009 followed by first Pb-Pb run (√s = 5.5 TeV, L = 5·10 25 cm -2 s -1 ) followed by first Pb-Pb run (√s = 5.5 TeV, L = 5·10 25 cm -2 s -1 )

32. Taking data! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 32

33. ALICE sees particles! TPC TPC F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 33 ITS ITS TPC + ITS TPC + ITS

34. ITS alignment with cosmics 2198 sensitive modules X 6 d.o.f. each = 13188 alignment parameters to be determined! 2198 sensitive modules X 6 d.o.f. each = 13188 alignment parameters to be determined! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 34

35. ITS Alignment 06/05/2008 Adam Jacholkowski 35 SPD alignment QA plots (first sample of 940, 4P tracks)

36. ITS Alignment 06/05/2008 Adam Jacholkowski 36 AliMillepede re-alignment (first test)

37. First particles from LHC! TI2 injection test (15/6): muons from beam dump TI2 injection test (15/6): muons from beam dump F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 37

38. First particles from LHC! Seen from an SPD half-sector: Seen from an SPD half-sector: F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 38 inner layer outer layer transversal tracks!

39. F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008 39Conclusion With heavy flavours, Nature kindly provides us with a beautiful tool to study the properties of the strongly interacting medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus- nucleus collisions With heavy flavours, Nature kindly provides us with a beautiful tool to study the properties of the strongly interacting medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus- nucleus collisions At LHC At LHC  very high rates  very high rates  very extended p T range  very extended p T range  well developed jets  well developed jets ALICE is very well equipped for this physics ALICE is very well equipped for this physics The FUN is just starting! The FUN is just starting!