1. Objectives for Session Nine Observation Techniques Participatory Methods in Tanzania Hand back memos

2. Formative Evaluation Designs Implementation focused, process-oriented –Not program outcomes, effects, or impact Mix of methods –Qualitative (non-numeric) and Quantitative (numeric) Be as specific and precise with your design as possible –Sample instruments, questions, guides, coding strategy Justify your decisions and data collection strategy –Validity, reliability, generalizability Be sure to capture information on all relevant participants

4. Observation Techniques Utility of method Way to gather information on program characteristics or implementation Think about your research questions in advance – develop a protocol that guides your observation activities Train observers, coders – ensure reliability Participant observation Subject reactivity

5. Readings for Next Time Two Coursepack Readings: –Patton, Michael Quinn. “Qualitative Analysis and Interpretation.” –Patton, Michael Quinn. “Deciphering Data and Reporting Results.” Data Assignment #2 Due in One Week In-class Data Activity on Monday – will also discuss research design issues