2. Lecture 5 August 10, 2005 Lehninger Chapter 15 (4 th ed.) Lehninger Chapter 14 (4 th ed.) complete sections 14.2 and 14.3 skip section 14.4 for now METABOLISM OF GLYCOGEN

3. Galactose Galactose 1-P UDP-Glu UDP-Gal Glucose 1-P Glucose 6-P kinase Uridyl transferase epimerase phosphoglucomutase ATP ADP Enzymes required for galactose metabolism

5. Figure 7-14b seen by electron microscopy

6. 3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme 3)phosphoglucomutase

7. Figure 7-11 Non-reducing end Reducing end

8. Figure 7-10 Can reduce Cu 2+ Cannot reduce Cu 2+ Note this shows the β, not α configuration Oxidized sugar

9. Figure 15-3 OH

10. Figure 15-4 Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor 1234 1234

11. Figure 15-3 Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor

12. 3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme [ oligo (α1→6) to (α1→4) glucantransferase] 3)phosphoglucomutase

13. Figure 7-15b

14. 1234 1234 1 1234234 Figure 15-4

15. Hydrolysis, NOT Phosphorolysis

16. 3 enzymes of glycogen breakdown (Glycogenolysis) 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)glycogen debranching enzyme 3)Phosphoglucomutase Glu-1-P ↔ Glu-6-P

17. Figure 15-5 Glu 1-P  Glu 6-P phosphoglucomutase

18. LNC 15.13

19. GLYCOGEN METABOLISM GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS LNC Chapter 15 (Section 1)

20. p. 565 UDP glucose is the activated precursor

21. Glu + ATP → Glu-6-P + ADP Enzymes: hexokinase I and hexokinase II in muscle, hexokinase IV (glucokinase) in liver

22. Glu-6-P ↔ Glu-1-P Phosphoglucomutase

23. Glu-1-P + UTP → UDP-Glu + PP i UDP-Glu Glu-1-P Figure 15-7

24. Figure 15-10 Start with glycogenin, a primer and enzyme. Muscle form and Liver form (glycogenin-2) + UDP-glucose

25. Figure 15-11a

26. LNC (3 rd ed) 20-14 (not found in 4 th edition)

27. Figure 15-8

28. Figure 15-9

29. Figure 15-11b

31. CONTROL OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN

32. Fig 15-13

33. phosphorylasesynthase Phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) Fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase GLYCOGEN UDP-Glu Glu-1P Glu-6P Fru-6P Fru-1,6 bis P DHAP + GAP

34. Fig 15-14

35. Covalent modifications Ligand-induced conformational changes

36. Fig 15-24

37. Fig 15-26

39. ATP cAMP adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase AMP ADP

40. GTP cGMP guanyl cyclase phosphodiesterase

41. LNC 12-15

42. hormone Glycogen ==> Glu-1-P

43. Fig 15-25

44. Fig 15-27

45. Fig 15-29

46. 2 ADPATPAMP + K = 0.44 Adenylate kinase