1. Frank Markovich1 Script for Scales Tape Frank Markovich Acuson

2. Frank Markovich2 Introduction n The purpose of this tape is to give the student something to practice with every day that will enable the student to become proficient at playing the major scales and all the modes based off of the major scales n By the end of the tape you should be able to play all of the major scales and the modes associated with them. n There are various steps to this and you must master each step before moving on to the next step.

3. Frank Markovich3 Agenda n The tape will start with tuning and then move on to playing the 5 forms of the major scale. Each one will be done individually at a very slow tempo. n You will need to master each form in 2nd position before moving on to the next form. n Then each form will be played starting in 2nd position and then moving up 1 fret (position) each time the scale is completed until 12 positions have been covered. This will cover all 15 major scales for each form. n The first time this is played will be at a slow tempo of 60 beats per minute with playing in 4/4 time and playing 1/8th notes.. Total time would be 15 minutes for this tempo and playing all of the scales.

4. Frank Markovich4 Agenda (Cont.) n The second time at a medium tempo of 75 beats per minute with playing in 4/4 time and playing 1/8th notes.. Total time would be 12.5minutes for this tempo and playing all of the scales. n Then at 90 beats per minute with playing in 4/4 time and playing 1/8th notes.. Total time would be 10minutes for this tempo and playing all of the scales. n Then at 120 beats per minute with playing in 4/4 time and playing 1/8th notes.. Total time would be 7.5 minutes for this tempo and playing all of the scales.

5. Frank Markovich5 Overview n Again the goal is to build up to playing the scales at a reasonable tempo. n Once this is mastered you can go on to the modes.

6. Frank Markovich6 Define what a scale is. n A 1/2 step is from one fret to the next fret and a whole step is from 1 fret to 2 frets above or below. When constructing scales go up the alphabet. Do not skip or repeat a letter. n A scale is a series of notes in a redefined order. The major scale is comprised of the following Whole step, whole step, 1/2 step, whole step, whole step, whole step, to finally a 1/2 step. n Modes are build off of the whole scales.

7. Frank Markovich7 Tuning n We will start with tuning. It is critical that you tune to the tape. I will play each note twice. n Here is the 1st or high E string. n Here is the 2nd or B string. n Here is the 3rd or G string. n Here is the 4th or D string. n Here is the 5th or A string. n Here is the 6th or low E string. n Now play an E chord and make sure it sounds good. (Play an E Chord).

8. Frank Markovich8 The Forms in 2nd position. n Each of these five forms will be played individually in 2nd position first at a slow tempo to get you started. These must be mastered before you can go on. n A metronome will be used to ensure that the time is correct through each scale.

9. Frank Markovich9 The G major scale n The Forms in 2nd position. n First is the G form. It starts on the 6th string 3rd fret with the 2nd finger. n Play this first as 1/4 notes so there will be one note per beat. n I will count to 4, to give you the tempo and then we will begin. 1,2,3,4 (With metronome). n OK now as 1/8th notes. You should use alternate picking for 1/8th notes. n 1, 2, 3, 4.

10. Frank Markovich10 The A major scale n The one warning is you must go outside of the position by stretching to either the 1st fret of the 3rd string or the 6th fret of the 4th string when playing the G#. Use your index if you choose the 1st fret and your pinkie is you choose the 6th fret. n Starting on the 6th string 5th fret. n Play as 1/4 notes. 1,2,3,4 n Now as 1/8th notes. 1,2,3,4

11. Frank Markovich11 The C major scale n Again there is a note outside the position. I suggest you play the 1st string 1st fret for the F. n Starting on the 5th string 3rd fret. n Play as 1/4 notes. 1,2,3,4 n Now as 1/8th notes 1,2,3,4

12. Frank Markovich12 The D major scale n This key to this is going back down and ending up on the D note. n Starting on 5th string 5th fret 4th finger. n First as 1/4 notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 n Now as 1/8th notes. n 1,2,3,4

13. Frank Markovich13 Lastly for the forms the E form. n This one changes position on the 4th and 3rd string to 1st position. n Starting on the 6th string open. n First as 1/4 notes. 1,2,3,4 n Now as 1/8th notes. 1,2,3,4

14. Frank Markovich14 At metronome marking 60 playing 1/8th notes n For this section we will run through all 5 forms at 12 frets or positions. Starting each one in the 2nd position and moving through the 14th position. If your guitar does not allow you to play comfortably up to the 14th position just go to the position that your hand is still comfortable at. n It is critical that you use the correct fingerings and play in time with the tape on these scales.

15. Frank Markovich15 The G major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 G major, Ab major, A major n Bb major, B major, C major, C# or Db major n D major, Eb major, E major, F major n F# or Gb major, G major

16. Frank Markovich16 The A major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 A major., Bb major, B major n C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major

17. Frank Markovich17 The C major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 C major., C# or Db major, D major n Eb major, E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major, Bb major, B major, C major

18. Frank Markovich18 The D major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 D major., Eb major, E major n F major, F# or Gb major, G major, Ab major, A major n Bb major, B major, C major, C# or Db major n D major

19. Frank Markovich19 The E major form n For this form you will use your fist finger (after the E) to start and play the 1st two notes and the last two notes. n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 E major., F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major, Bb major, B major, C major, C# or Db major n D major, Eb major, E major

20. Frank Markovich20 Going on n Once you can do the previous 5 forms perfectly at mm 60 you can go on. I suggest that perfectly means at least a week at mm 60 without any errors.

21. Frank Markovich21 At metronome marking 75 playing 1/8th notes n For this section we will speed up the scales to mm 75. This will be 25% faster. You may need to spend some time at intermediate steps. Maybe do some at mm 65, then at mm 70 etc.. n It is critical that you use the correct fingerings and play in time with the tape on these scales.

22. Frank Markovich22 The G major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 G major, Ab major, A major, Bb major n B major, C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major

23. Frank Markovich23 The A major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 A major., Bb major, B major n C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major

24. Frank Markovich24 The C major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 C major., C# or Db major, D major n Eb major, E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major, Bb major, B major, C major

25. Frank Markovich25 The D major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 D major., Eb major, E major n F major, F# or Gb major, G major, Ab major n A major, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major

26. Frank Markovich26 The E major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 E major., F major, F# or Gb major n G major, Ab major, Amajor, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major, Eb major, E major

27. Frank Markovich27 Going on n Once you can do the previous 5 forms perfectly at mm 75 you can go on. Again, I suggest that perfectly means at least a week at mm 750 without any errors.

28. Frank Markovich28 At metronome marking 90 playing 1/8th notes n For this section we will speed up the scales to mm 90. n It is critical that you use the correct fingerings and play in time with the tape on these scales.

29. Frank Markovich29 The G major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 G major, Ab major, A major, Bb major n B major, C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major

30. Frank Markovich30 The A major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 A major., Bb major, B major n C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major

31. Frank Markovich31 The C major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 C major., C# or Db major, D major n Eb major, E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major, Bb major, B major, C major

32. Frank Markovich32 The D major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 D major., Eb major, E major n F major, F# or Gb major, G major, Ab major n A major, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major

33. Frank Markovich33 The E major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 E major., F major, F# or Gb major n G major, Ab major, Amajor, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major, Eb major, E major

34. Frank Markovich34 Going on n Once you can do the previous 5 forms perfectly at mm 90 you can go on. Again, I suggest that perfectly means at least a week at mm 90 without any errors.

35. Frank Markovich35 At metronome marking 120 playing 1/8th notes n For this section we will speed up the scales to mm 120. n It is critical that you use the correct fingerings and play in time with the tape on these scales.

36. Frank Markovich36 The G major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 G major, Ab major, A major, Bb major n B major, C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major

37. Frank Markovich37 The A major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 A major., Bb major, B major n C major, C# or Db major, D major, Eb major n E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major

38. Frank Markovich38 The C major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 C major., C# or Db major, D major n Eb major, E major, F major, F# or Gb major, G major n Ab major, A major, Bb major, B major, C major

39. Frank Markovich39 The D major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 D major., Eb major, E major n F major, F# or Gb major, G major, Ab major n A major, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major

40. Frank Markovich40 The E major form n As 1/8th notes. 1, 2, 3, 4 E major., F major, F# or Gb major n G major, Ab major, Amajor, Bb major, B major, C major n C# or Db major, D major, Eb major, E major

41. Frank Markovich41 Now Where do you go. n Once you can do these scales playing 1/8th notes at mm 120 you will have mastered these scales. n It is now up to you to go one of two directions. You can either work on the modes for each of these or start going on and moving to faster metronome markings. I would try to get up to mm 180 as a goal. This would allow you to play most pieces and to solo to all but the very fasting piece.

42. Frank Markovich42 Modes n This is one of the easiest concepts in music to understand and apply, but many people have had trouble with it due to making it more complicated than it needs to be. n To start we will use a C major scale in the 7th position (G Major - 2nd position form). Each note of the scale can have a number applied to it. The scale goes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C etc.. So if we apply a number then C = 1, D =2, E = 3, F =4, G = 5, A = 6, and B = 7. n If you play a C major scale then you are also playing the mode built off of 1 or an Ionian mode.

43. Frank Markovich43 Modes (Cont.) n If you played the same notes but started and ended the scale on the 2 or D note, then you would have the Dorian Mode. n That scale would be D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D. This would mode is used for a II chord or in the key of C a Dm (Dm7) chord. n A mode built off of the 3rd note in a major scale is a Phrygian Mode. In relation to C it would be as follows: E, F, G, A, B, C, D, E. In this case use this against an Em chord

44. Frank Markovich44 Modes (cont.) n A mode built off of the 4th note in a major scale is a Lydian Mode. In relation to C it would be as follows: F, G, A, B, C, D, E, F. This would be used against a F Maj7 chord. n A mode built off of the 5th note in a major scale is a Mixolydian Mode. In relation to C it would be as follows: G, A, B, C, D, E, F, G. This would be used against a G7 chord. n A mode built off of the 6th note in a major scale is a Aeolian Mode. In relation to C it would be as follows: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A. Used in the key of C against an Am chord.

45. Frank Markovich45 Modes (cont.) n A mode built off of the 7th note in a major scale is a Locrian Mode. In relation to C it would be as follows: B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B. Used for a m7b5 (1/2 diminished) chord. Bm7b5 for this key.

46. Frank Markovich46 Each of these modes has a use. n The 4 that are used the most are the Ionian, Dorian, Mixolydian and Lydian. n Here are a couple of tips on how to remember what to use and find it on the guitar. For a major type chord use either the major scale of the same letter name or a major scale up a 4th (6 spaces clockwise on the chromatic scale). For a C maj7 use a C major scale or a F major scale (4th above C). n For a minor 7th, 9th etc.., use the Dorian mode built off of a major scale 1 whole step below (2 frets) the name of the chord. For Dm7 use a D Dorian which is the same as a C major scale starting on D.

47. Frank Markovich47 Modes use (cont.) n For a 7, 9 etc.. chord use the major scale down a 4th (6 spaces counterclockwise on the chromatic scale). For G7 use a G Mixolydian scale which is comprised of the notes in a C major scale but starting and ending on a G. n The other modes are not used as much so don’t concentrate on them in the beginning. You will find that songs tend to revolve around key centers. With that you will find that you can apply on tonality to a number of chords. For example, the following progression is all within the C major tonality: n 4/4 ||: Dm7 | G7 | C Maj7 | :||. You would be basically playing a D Dorian for the Dm7, a G Mixolydian for the G7 and a C Ionian for the C Maj7. All of which use the same notes but start on different pitches.

48. Frank Markovich48 Summary n At first you should work on these every day. n Once mastered you need to do this at least once per week.

49. Frank Markovich49 There are many books that have more information about scales and modes.

50. Frank Markovich50 End