1. Research Directions for the Internet of Things Supervised by: Dr. Nouh Sabry Presented by: Ahmed Mohamed Sayed

2. Agenda What is Internet of Things (IoT) ? Internet of things applications Problems for future IoT systems  Massive scaling  Architecture and Dependencies  Creating knowledge and big data  Robustness  Openness  Security  Privacy  Human-in-the-loop

3. Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity to enable it to achieve greater value and service by exchanging data with the manufacturer, operator and/or other connected devices

4. Internet of Things(cont.) A thing, in the Internet of Things can be: –a person with a heart monitor implant (healthcare services) –an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low –people have smart phones with sensors for running many useful apps

5. Internet of Things(cont.) IoT is an integrated infrastructure which many applications and services can run. Some applications will be personalized such as digitizing daily life activities, others will be city-wide such as efficient, delay-free transportation, and others will be worldwide.

6. IoT Applications Smart Parking –Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city. Smart Lighting –Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights. Vehicle Auto-diagnosis –Information collection to send real time alarms to emergencies or provide advice to drivers. Intelligent Shopping Applications –Getting advices in the point of sale according to customer habits, preferences.

7. Problems for future IoT systems Each of the below topic focuses on new problems that arise for future IoT systems  Massive scaling  Architecture and Dependencies  Creating knowledge and big data  Robustness  Openness  Security  Privacy  Human-in-the-loop

8. Massive scaling Trillions of things will be on the Internet. How to access, maintain, protect, use, and support such a large scale of things are major problems. How will the massive amounts of data be collected, used, and stored ?

9. Architecture and Dependencies As trillions of things (objects) are connected to the Internet, it is necessary to have an adequate architecture that permits easy connectivity, control, communications, and use applications One possible architectural approach for IoT is the Smartphone world (App store)

10. Architecture and Dependencies (cont.) Dependencies related to numbers and types of parameters, versions of underlying OS, and availability of correct underlying hardware. Research is needed to develop a comprehensive approach in specifying, detecting, and resolving dependencies across applications.

11. Architecture and Dependencies (cont.) Assume that we integrate systems like energy management (controlling thermostats windows, doors, and shades) and home health care (controlling lights, TVs,..etc) Home health care application may decide to turn ON all the lights. On the other hand, the energy management application may decide to turn OFF lights when no motion is detected. Detecting and resolving such dependency problems is important for correctness of operation of interacting IoT systems.

12. Creating knowledge and Big data In an IoT world, there exists a vast amount of raw data being continuously collected. It will be necessary to develop techniques that convert this raw data into usable knowledge. For example, in the medical area, raw streams of sensor values must be converted into semantically meaningful knowledge Main challenges for data interpretation and the formation of knowledge without the noise

13. Creating knowledge and Big data (cont.) Data mining techniques are expected to provide the creation of important knowledge from all this data. Another main challenge is making good decisions using the created knowledge. it is necessary to minimize the number of false positives otherwise, the system will be dismissed as unreliable.

14. Robustness Is the system deteriorate ? Solutions to create a robust system in spite of noisy, faulty, and nondeterministic underlying physical world realities. For Example, fire-fighting system Recertify that the system is operating as expected.

15. Openness For the Internet of Things to be a success, it has to be open. Any device must be able to connect and communicate with one another. For Example, cars (and aircraft) talking to each other and controlling each other to avoid collisions

16. Security To heal from security attacks, a system needs to Prevent/detect the attack, diagnose the attack, and deploy countermeasures and repairs. Perform all of the above functions in a lightweight manner due to the types of low- capacity devices involved.(Performance)

17. Privacy Who have the right to read specified sensing data ? One of the more difficult privacy problems is that systems interact with other systems, each having their own privacy policies.

18. Humans in the Loop Many of IoT applications involve humans(models for driving can improve safety, and using models of activities of daily living in home health care can improve medical conditions of the elderly and keep them safe) Human-in-the-loop applications can be classified into three categories: 1- Applications where humans directly control the system 2- Applications where the system passively monitors humans and takes appropriate actions 3- Hybrids

19. Any Questions ?