1. Gene_IDGene NameGene Symbol Fold change compared to control hCG28493.2retinol dehydrogenase 8 (all-trans) RDH82.09 hCG178118 1.1 ankyrin repeat domain 12 ANKRD12-2.40 hCG178144 3.2 UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4 UGT2B4-2.98 hCG21449.3estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) ESR2-2.47 hCG204258 1 FLJ46358 proteinFLJ463582.78 Evaluating the 5 potential biomarkers with other substances Testing the long-term effects of Estrogen and 4-Nonylphenol Future Studies Figure 4: Gene profiles of BRCA1 and BRCA2. The E2 treament induced a fold repression of more than two fold while the NP treatment had no significant effect. This phenomenon was observed for 23/45 genes in the portfolio involved in the onset of breast cancer. Relative Gene Expression (Signal of treatment chip/signal of chip treatment) Relative Gene Expression (Signal of treatment chip/signal of chip treatment) Gene Expressions Profiles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 -Adami, H., Lipworth, L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Hsieh, C., Hanberg, A., Ahlborg, U., Baron, J., and Trichopoulos, D. (1995). Organochlorine compounds and estrogen-related cancers in women. Cancer Causes and Control. 6, 551-566. -Ahlborg, U. G., Lipworth, L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Hsieh, C., Hanberg, A., Baron, J., Trichopoulos, D., and Adami, H. (1995). Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: an assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 25, 463-531. -Anderson, E., Clarke, R. B., and Howell, A. (1998). Estrogen responsiveness and control of normal human breast proliferation. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 3, 23 -Ashby, J., Houthoff, E., Kennedy, S. J., Stevens, J., Bars, R., Jekat, F. W., Campbell, P., Miller, J. V., Carpanini, F. M., and Randall, G. L. P. (1997). The challenge posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental Health Perspectives. 105. -Bennie, D. T. 1999. Review of the environmental occurence of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. 34(1):79-122. - Brix, Rikke, Hvidt, Søren and Carlsen, Lars. (2003). Solubility of nonylphenol and nonyphenol-ethoxylates: On the possible role of micelles. Chemosphere. 44(4): pp.759-763. - Brown, N. M., and Lamartiniere, C. A. (1995). Xenoestrogens alter mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in the rat. Environmental Health Perspectives. 103, 708- 713. -Cavalieri E, Chakravarti D, Guttenplan J, et al (2006). "Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast and other human cancers: implications for biomarkers of susceptibility and cancer prevention". Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1766(1): 63–78. -Colborn T. (1993) Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspectives. Oct;101(5):378-84 - Davidson, N. E. (1998). Environmental estrogens and breast cancer risk. Current Opinion in Oncology 10, 475-478. -Davis, D. L., Bradlow, H. L., Wolff, M., Woodruff, T., Hoel, D. G., and Anton-Culver, H. (1993). Medical hypothesis: Xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives. 101, 372-377. -Ford, James, M.D., Plevritis, Sylvia, PhD. (2002) Genetic Alterations in MRI Screen-Detected Breast Lesions. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 7651; pp.618 Works Cited Discussion -4-Nonylphenol Altered the Effects of Almost 10 percent of the portfolio genes -5 to significant enough amounts to treat as possible biomarkers -Affected Several Genes in Estrogen-Pathway to the Same Extent