1. Making your Sentence Structure Clear!!
Parallelism
Making your Sentence Structure Clear!!

2. Parallelism
1. Parallelism is the linking together of similar grammatical structures in a sentence.
2. Items in a series must have parallel structure.
3. To have parallel sentence structure, related ideas or ideas joined by and, but, or, nor or yet should be presented in the same grammatical structure (e.g., all infinitives, all gerunds, all nouns, all prepositional phrases, all clauses, etc.).
PP 15-13a

3. Don’t create problems by mixing grammatical elements.
Non-parallel structure looks like this:
Tom ate ,
, and .
Tom ate his dinner, watched his favorite T.V. program, and going to bed late at night.

4. Items in a series must have parallel structure.
Parallelism looks like this:
Tom ate ,
, and .
Tom ate his dinner, watched his favorite T.V. program, and went to bed late at night.

5. Parallel Structure Phrase Clause
Parallel Structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at three levels:
Word
Phrase
Clause

6. Parallel structure 1. I am reading about dogs, cats and birds.
Examples- what kinds of parallel structures are these?
1. I am reading about dogs, cats and birds.
2. I plan to walk the dog, write a letter and go to bed.
3. He was talking on the phone and doing his homework at the same time.
Lane and Lange p

7. Parallel Structure
A few more examples:
3. We expect that the dinner will be over by 9 p.m. and that we’ll be home by 10.
4. The road crosses the river and climbs up the mountain.
5. The car is parked in front of the truck and behind the motorcycle.

8. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
Words and Phrases
Incorrect:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
Correct:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.

9. Incorrect:
The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a thorough manner.
Correct:
The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.

10. Clauses
Parallel structure that begins with clauses must continue on with clauses.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game

11. Lists after a colon
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, clear pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.
The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.

12. A quick Test: Identify which sentence that has no error in structure:
The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the customers, and worked hard on tasks.
Relaxation can include reading for pleasure, playing with your friends, or to participate in sports activities.
One way to fight stress is to discuss your problems with either a friend or a relative.
PP 15-13a

13. 1. During our vacation in Egypt, we hope __________, to enjoy beautiful sunsets, and to visit amazing ancient places.
that we eat delicious seafood
that eating delicious seafood occurs
to eat delicious seafood
eating delicious seafood
PP 15-13a

14. one handsome man to look at handsome
2. Karen thought that Ray was everything she wanted in a husband, for he was tall, intelligent, and __________.
he looked good
being good looking
one handsome man to look at
handsome
PP 15-13a

15. 3. Pasta boiling in water, __________, and garlic bread baking in the oven welcomed Fadi as he opened the door.
simmered tomato sauce in the pan
tomato sauce simmering in the pan
tomato sauce that simmered in the pan
saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan
PP 15-13a

16. 4. I do not ever want to be friends with Adam because he is too talkative, too noisy, and _________.
because he the most impolite person I have ever met.
too impolite.
being the most impolite person I have ever met.
lacks politeness.
PP 15-13a

17. 5. To buy a birthday gift for his friend, Albert visited the florist for roses, the shop for a box of chocolates, and __________.
bought an expensive gold necklace at the jewelry store
the jeweler for an expensive gold necklace
the jeweler where he bought an expensive gold necklace
to buy an expensive gold necklace
PP 15-13a

18. Activity 5: Rewrite each sentence to fix all parallelism errors
It is easier to tell the truth than lying to people you love.
Managing your money well is to be prepared for the future.
Jim wanted to scare us by telling us a ghost story and he showed us a horror movie.
He wanted three things out of college: to master a skill, to make good friends, and learning about life.
The project plan is creative but a risk.

19. 6. Dina does not like to sing, dance, or acting.
7. The witness described the suspect as tall, light-skinned, and with a beard.
8. In English class, Tim learned to read poems critically and he appreciated prose.
9. We found the film repulsive, offensive, and we thought it was embarrassing.
10. Mr. John kept his store clean, neat, and he had it conveniently arranged.

20. 11. Sabrina has wit, charm, and she has an extremely pleasant personality.
12. During class, Sami spent his time talking to Ahmed, he ate a candy, and scribbled on his assignment sheet.
13. Alex looked everywhere for his math book — under the bed, on his desk, and he searched inside the refrigerator.
14. Ali was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study, was always completing his lab problems carelessly, and his motivation was low.
PP 15-13a

21. Good reasons and examples
Good sentence variety: simple, compound, complex
Subject-verb agreement
Sentence punctuation: capital letters, full-stops, comma, semi-colon and colon
Avoid run-on and comma splice
Avoid sentence fragments
Avoid long sentences
Noun-pronoun agreement
Avoid making spelling mistakes
Write a concluding sentence

22. Really, I see television slightly in these days with a limited programs that I can followed.
To conclude, ministry exert efforts to alleviate the traffic accident on Gaza street but this need more time and more cooperation from the citizen who are drivers and pedestrians.

23. 3. To solve the problem of cars accidents on Gaza city, the government should do the following, first, government should construct New roads, in addition to build tunnels and bridges,
4. To conclude a lot of people use a face book daily on his life to accomplish things that is necessary.

24. To Succeed in a job interview you should take these recommendations, you Should prepare yourself good, you must dress for professionally and you should Arrive early, in addition to take enough time in the rest room before you go in, to Organize your ideas related to a job field, make sure you have a positive attitude, by Talking about your achievements and your skills/abilities, always tell the truth in your Answers and your opinion, finally you will be better if those recommendations were Taken.