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Early Ideas about Evolution and Darwin’s Observations SECTIONS 10.1 & 10.2
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A few things first… What is evolution? Who was the first person to have thoughts about evolution? Is it still going on today?
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Evolution Process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors What does that even mean???
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Before Charles Darwin… Carolus Linnaeus: 1700’s Sweden Botanist who organized organisms based on their similarities. Did not believe organisms were fixed and did not change Why would organizing things according to similarities make one think of evolution? What does it mean when something is “fixed”?
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Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon 1700’s France (obviously) Also rejected the idea of fixation First to propose organisms come from common ancestors Dismissed the idea the earth was only 6000 years old. Went off of geology instead Why would coming from a common ancestor support evolution? How did geology not support the theory of the earth being 6000 years old back then?
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Erasmus Darwin 1731 England, Charles Darwin’s grandpa Actually a doctor and a poet Also put forth the idea of common ancestors Suggested common ancestors were less complex Why would he suggest common ancestors were less complex?
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Jean-Baptiste Lamark 1809 France Naturalist who proposed all organisms evolved towards perfection Did not think organisms became extinct Thought changes in the environment would lead to the use or disuse of structures/organs Why would he think organisms did not become extinct How could environment lead to use/disuse of organs or structures? Examples?
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Geology! What exactly is geology? Different theories about geologic change helped to prepare Darwin’s theory of evolution.
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Catostrophism Proposed by Georges Cuvier Examples? Quickly change the layout of landforms or other livable areas fairly quickly Can also cause mass extictions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUREX8aFbMs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUREX8aFbMs
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Gradualism Proposed by James Hutton Some changes in landforms were caused by forces over a long period of time What “forces” could be powerful enough to carve through rock over long periods of time? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktf73HNZZGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktf73HNZZGY What are some examples of landforms that were subject to gradualism? Is this still going on today?
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Uniformitarianism Developed by Charles Lyell Changes or processes that shape earth are uniform through time What does it mean if something is uniform? How are we able to tell uniformitarianism has occurred in rock formations?
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Charles Darwin Left on a voyage in 1831 on the HMS Beagle Just keeping the captain company Meant to map the coast of South America and nearby islands
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Where did he do most of his observations?
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Observation of differences Variation : the difference in physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group it belongs in
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Variation in Finches
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What is an adaptation ? What allows these adaptations to occur? Can these adaptations get passed on to offspring? What happens if adaptations get passed on in a population for a long time?
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Fossil Evidence also supports Darwin’s theory He found a giant armadillo skeleton in Argentina Glyptodon
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Geologic Evidence Found fossils of sea life in the Andes Mountains How could that possibly happen? Used all he found as material in his book On the Origin of Species
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