1. Topic of presentation

2.  Tehmina hazoor  Maryam khalid  Naseema khan  Yasmeen khan

3.  The IDR models reject the emphasis on GNP growth rate as the principal index of development.  IDR models view developing countries as beset by institutional, political, and economic rigidities both domestic and international.  IDR models argue that developing countries are up in a dominance and dependence relationship with rich countries.

4.  The Neocolonial dependence Model  The False-Paradigm Model  The Dualistic Development Thesis

5.  According to this model underdevelopment is viewed as the result of highly unequal international capitalist system or rich-poor country relationship.  Elite ruling class in developed countries are responsible for underdevelopment.  Development is externally induced phenomenon in contrast to other theories stress on internal constraints.

6.  Pakistan inherited poverty and underdevelopment at the end of British colonial rule. Pakistan was enforced into a neo-colonial capitalist model in which authoritarianism and economic growth were blended together.  In Pakistan the alliance of bureaucracy, army and feudal elite centralized the authority in their hands by cooperating with the forces of capitalist world system under the influence of US.  The economic planning of Pakistan is under the influence of world capitalist system and US not according to the needs of the people which is hindering the growth and promoting the phenomena of underdevelopment in Pakistan.

7.  According to this model underdevelopment of third world countries is the result of wrong and irrelevant advice given by international “Expert” advisers from developed countries and also from multi-lateral donor organizations such as IMF, World Bank, UNDP etc.

8.  Dualism represents the increasing gap between rich and poor nations and rich and poor people at all levels.  Some developing countries of rich industrial sector with coexistence of poor peasants are example of this thesis.

9.  Do not offer any policy prescription for how poor countries can initiate and sustain economic development  Actual experience of developing countries that have pursued policy of autarky/closed economy has been negative.