1. 17: 7 Identifying Dental Instruments and Preparing Dental Trays

2. How should dental items be used?
Should be organized and placed in proper sequence
After use, is returned to same place on tray in case it is used again

3. Main Parts of Dental Hand Instruments
Blade:
cutting portion of an instrument
Nib:
blunt, serrated, or smooth ending of a packing instrument
Point:
sharp end of an instrument used to explore & detect

4. Main Parts of Dental Hand Instruments
Shank
portion that connects the shaft (handle) to the blade, nib, or point
Shaft
the handle of an instrument, usually hexagonal for a better grip

5. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Mouth Mirror
Views areas of oral cavity, puts light on dark surfaces, and retracts lips for more visibility.
Explorer
Used to examine teeth, detect carious lesions, and take note of other oral conditions.
Cotton Pliers
Used to carry objects. Ex: carrying cotton pellets to and from the mouth.
Scalers
Removes calculus (tartar) and debris from teeth & subgingival pockets.

6. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Periodontal probes
used to measure the depth of the gingival sulcus
Excavators
used mainly for removal of caries and refinement of an opening in a cavity preparation
Different Excavators:
Spoon: remove soft decay from cavity
Hoe: used on anterior teeth to remove caries, smooth and shape a cavity prep, or form line angles
Hatchet: Used to refine internal line angles, smooth and shape the sides of a cavity prep, and remove hard-type caries.

7. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Chisels
Used for cutting and shaping enamels
Different Chisels
Enamel hatchet: similar to other hatchets; blade is larger, heavier, beveled on one side.
Gingival margin trimmer: special chisel for placing bevels on gingival enamel margins of proximocclusal cavity preparations.
Cleoid-discoid carver:
Used as a carver for amalgam, but can also be used as an excavator
Plastic filling instrument:
Used to shape and condense restorative material that is still malleable

8. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Amalgam instruments:
Used mainly with amalgam restorations
Different Amalgam instruments:
Amalgam carrier: Used to carry small masses if freshly mixed amalgam to the cavity preparation
Amalgam Carvers: carves/shapes tooth to natural anatomy
Condenser-plugger: Used for condensing and packing amalgam into prepared cavity
Matrix retainer: holds the matrix band in place
Matrix band: forms a wall around a cavity so amalgam can be packed into place
Burnisher:
used to burnish the margins of gold restorations to a better fit

9. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Lancet: Used to lance and incise tissue.
Bone or Surgical chisels: Used for cutting bone structure in oral surgery.
Some are used by hand, others require the use of a surgical mallet.
Prophylactic, or general examination, tray: This type of tray is used for basic examination and cleaning of the teeth.
Supplies and instruments placed on the tray include scalers, prophylactic cups, paste, and brushes; and fluoride-treatment supplies.
Amalgam restoration tray: This type of tray is used for an amalgam restoration procedure.
Instruments placed on the tray include amalgam carriers, condenser-pluggers, and carvers.

10. Standard Instruments in Basic Tray Set-Up
Composite, or esthetic, restoration tray: This type of tray is used for the placement of a composite restoration.
Special composite instruments such as a fine brush and plastic instruments are placed on this tray.
Surgical extraction tray: This type of tray is used for extraction, or removal, of teeth.
Instruments and supplies vary, but typically are extracting forceps, root elevators, root-tip picks, periosteal elevators, Rongeur forceps, lancets bone chisels and a needle holder with suture materials.

11. Preparing Dental Tray Videos