1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES: GLOBALISM/ DEPENDENCY AND THE CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM
Dr. MARGARITA SESELGYTE
Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius university, 2010

2. DEFINITION OF GLOBALISM
Political scientist Joseph Nye co-founder of the neo-liberalism argues that globalism refers to any description and explanation of a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances
Globalization refers to the increase or decline in the degree of globalism
Globalism may be contrasted with individualism, localism, nationalism, regionalism or internationalism

3. GLOBALISM
Overall structure of the international system is a starting point of analysis
Historical development of the World capitalist system enables to understand current inter-state relations
Particularly interested in the mechanisms of domination
The destiny of the country is pre-determined
Economic factors matter most

4. COMPARISON BETWEEN REALISM, PLURALISM AND GLOBALISM
Realism – how stability in anarchic world could be maintained
Pluralism – how peaceful change can be promoted in a interdependent world
Globalism – why so many third world states have been unable to develop

5. WORLD –SYSTEMS THEORY
The world-systems theory (also known as the world-systems analysis is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change
The founder – Immanuel Wallerstein

6. ORIGINS OF WORLD SYSTEM THEORY
World-system theory emerged in the 1970s
World-system was aiming to replace the modernization theory
Three major predecessors of world-system theory are: the Annales school, Marxist, and dependence theory
Samir Amin, Giovanni Arrighi, Andre Gunder fFrank, Immanuel Wallerstein, Christopher Chase – Dunn, Janet Abu Lughod, Kunibert Raffer

7. IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN
The most well-known version of the world-system approach has been developed by Immanuel Wallerstein
World-systems analysis calls for an uni-disciplinary historical social science
Definition of world system
Temporal features of the world system
Types of world systems

8. MARXISM Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818—14 March 1883)
Marxism is a political philosophy, economic and sociological worldview based upon materialist interpretations of history
Three primary aspects of Marxism:
The dialectic and materialist concept of history
The critique of capitalism
Advocacy of proletarian revolution

9. NEO -MARXISM
Various twentieth-century approaches that amend or extend Marxism
Incorporating elements from other intellectual traditions, such as: critical theory, psychoanalysis, Existentialism
Many prominent neo-Marxists, such as Herbert Marcuse and other members of the Frankfurt School, were sociologists and psychologists.
Neo-Marxism comes under the broader framework of the New Left

10. DEPENDENCY THEORY Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Division of labour and inequality
Two level picture of domination
Criticized by World – system theorists

11. JOHN A. HOBSON (1858 – 1940). Theory of imperialism
Capitalist societies were faced with 3 basic interrelated problems: overproduction, under-consumption, over-savings
Investment in the less developed countries

12. LENIN (1870 – 1924)
Theory that explained the necessity of capitalist exploitation of less developed countries
Under-consumption and overproduction caused capitalists to scramble for foreign markets
Proletarian class would grow leading ultimately to revolution in all capitalist countries

13. ROSA LUXEMBURG (1870- 1919) Revolution vs. Reform
Revolution as the only effective means of transformation of society
Reformism abandoned marxism principles
Imperialism has negative impact on colonies

14. ANTONIO GRAMSCI (1891 – 1937) Not a hard liner
Offered constructivist approach to both theory and practice
Prison notebooks
Historical and ideological bloc may bloch the change and retain status quo

15. DEPENDENCY Dependency is bad
One – way advantage is inherent to capitalist system and is necessary to sustain it
Transnational class relations are more important than those among states
Multinational organizations are tools for exploitation
Comprador class aids in exploitation of its own society

16. WORLD-SYSTEM
System contains core, periphery and semi-periphery and is organized according the principle of labor division
Labor division increases inequalities between regions
Anarchy makes it impossible to legislate the general will of the world
States and politics must be analyzed in the context of capitalist world system
The other group of globalists were not only concerned with the lack of III World development but also wished to understand the economic, political and social development of regions throughout the entire world.
Developed and underdeveloped states, winners and losers, are all examined in attempts to explain the global existence of uneven development.
Second goal is to understand the fate of various parts of the world at various times of history within the larger context of a developing world political economy. Latin America is not unique.
Immanuel Wallerstein attempting to understand the origins and dynamics of the modern world economy and the existence of uneven development he develops a historically based theory of global development – World – system theory.
IW begins by analyzing the emergence of capitalism in Europe, tracing its development into a capitalist world – system that contains a core, a periphery and a semi-periphery.
The core areas historically have engaged in the most advanced economic activities: banking, manufacturing technologically advanced agriculture, ship building.
The periphery has provided raw materials, such as minerals and timber to fuel the core’s economic expansion. Unskilled labor is repressed, and the peripheral countries are denied advanced technology in those areas that might make them more competitive with core states.
The semi-periphery is involved in a mix of production activities, some associated with core areas and others with peripheral areas. The semi-periphery also serves a number of other functions such as being an outlet for investment when wages in core economies become too high. Over time, particular regions of the world may gravitate between core, periphery and semi-peripheral status.
The division of labor requires as well as increases inequality between regions. States in periphery are unable to control their fates, whereas the core is economically, militarily and politically dominant.
Wallerstein recognizes the importance of anarchy (absence of single political authority) – impossible to legislate the general will of the world – system.
Although states and politics are important – they must be analyzed in the context of capitalist world system.
Accumulation, imperialism, and conflict can be considered part of a single dynamics whereby a hegemonic core state in an increasingly competitive world-system attempts to ensure its own stability, prosperity and primacy at the expense of periphery.

17. CHANGE Changes in actors’ positions Economic cycles
Structural transformation
Radical transformation

18. GLOBALISM AN IMAGE OF A ‘LAYERED PIE’
Dependency
World system
Economic factors

19. CRITIQUE OF GLOBALISM Question of causality Reliance on economics
Downplay of domestic variables
Lack of unified theory
Anomalies

20. RESEARCH PROSPECTS AND PROGRAM
Reasons of underdevelopment in ‘Third World’
Anti – globalization movements
Economic programs of international organizations in ‘Third World’

21. QUESTIONS