3. Collision Avoidance and

4. 20 GA mid-air events per year world-wide In every 3 rd event gliders are involved 50% fatality rate Every 3rd fatality in gliding caused by mid-airs making it #2 accident cause Many more near-misses than mid-airs Several near-misses remain unnoticed

5. This is the result of a midair collision - August 2014!

6. Koln Frankfurt Stuttgart Glider flight concentrations in central Europe

7. FLARM – ‘flight alarm’ Flarm receives position and movement information using 16 channel GPS receiver with external antenna. A pressure sensor further enhances accuracy of position measurements. Flarm determines the risk of collision of one or more aircraft or obstacles, and gives the pilot a warning – visual and audio.

8. Situation in Gliding Pilot FLARM Situation + ++ opposite - ++ opposite + -- ++ + circling / straight - ++ opposite circling + - identical circling

10. FLARM 2005 ‚Swiss Flarm.

11. LX Flarm

12. RX -Receive – signal detected from another aircraft TX-Transmit should be ON indicates FLARM is transmitting GPS – ON GPS operating Power - ON

13. LX Flarm MODE MODE – 2 modes NEAREST & COLLISION

14. LX Flarm ABOVE Threat from 1 o’clock and above Flarm detected at 3 o’clock NO immediate threat

15. Human Vision is good..but?

16. Flarm mounted on top of a DG instrument panel, indicating traffic from above behind right.

17. 3 gliders thermalling. The external Flarm-Display shows a glider at the same altitude (= no up/down indication) at 2 o’clock. The indication is only “traffic information” (=no beep, no blink, no danger). From the two gliders in sight only the one right has a Flarm, the closer one has not (yet).

18. Detection range – typically 2-3 km. FLARM – will not operate without adequate GPS signal strength. Correct antenna installation is essential. Obstacle detection requires latest database. Flarm must have the latest software to ensure correct detection by other Flarm units.

19. Flarm Mini-box Mini-box colour

20. Flarm View Flarm and ADS-B

22. CAUTION! FLARM is an aid to normal lookout – it DOES NOT replace it! It DOES NOT give guidance or avoiding action it is an aid to situational awareness ONLY. Will not give warnings about aircraft without Flarm.