1. VALIDITY

2. Aims: To ensure that the concept of validity is understood To consider different types of validity To apply examples of studies which relate to validity

3. Is IQ a valid measurement of intelligence? Is a smile a valid measure of happiness? Is a diary a valid source of information about somebody’s thoughts and feelings? Do opinion scales such as Likert give us valid results? Yes/no/both? Why?

4. Quick check: We will go into more detail for reliability next lesson but first let’s check you know the difference. Measure your forehead with the ‘ruler’ I’ve given you Is this a reliable measure of intelligence? Is it a valid measure of intelligence?

5. High Internal Validity Low Internal Validity High Reliability Low Reliability

6. High Internal Validity Low Internal Validity High Reliabilityyes Low Reliabilitynoyes

7. Validity What is it? What different types are there?

8. Validity Does a study measure or examine what it claims to measure or examine?

9. If a measurement is not reliable, then our research cannot be valid or ‘true’ Are techniques used to collect data in tests, questionnaires, interviews and observations measuring what is claimed? Can we trust any effect that has been found to be the result of manipulating our independent variable and not from another unwanted variable?

10. I want to measure intelligence. If the same person sits the test on several occasions and the results change each time, then that test lacks ……..

11. The test also lacks validity because the scores are meaningless

12. If I test my participants again several months later and their scores remains consistent, I can say the test is reliable, but it might still lack validity. The second score might just be measuring what a person has learned since taking the first test.

13. Does a driving test measure your competence to drive on the road or is it a measure of your ability to pass the driving test? Would you be able to pass it again in six months time? Would you do better? Is it a reliable and valid test? L

14. The tool is measuring what it is intending to measure = = The findings can be generalized beyond the context of the research situation

16. External

18. Internal

19. Putting your knowledge into practice and applying it to the exam. PAST QUESTIONS 1. Using your knowledge of psychology, briefly outline what is meant by ecological validity. (4) 2. Describe examples of high ecological validity from any two pieces of psychological research. (8) 3. Discuss the strengths and limitations of conducting psychological research where validity is low. (12) 4. Compare the EV of laboratory experiments with the EV of field experiments. (8) 5. Discuss the usefulness of field experiments in psychology. (8)

20. Timed practice: Using your knowledge of psychology, briefly outline what is meant by ecological validity. (4) 5 mins (6 w/AT) Self assessment: Be fussy! It is really important that you get as many marks as possible out of the ‘easier’ questions.

21. Timed practice:

22. Pair work: 1. Meghan and Isi 2. Ella and Emily (+Amelia if back) 3. Chloe and Rachel 4. Ella N and Caitlin

23. PAST QUESTION: Describe examples of high ecological validity from any two pieces of psychological research. (8) Let’s think of two high and also two low (so we have a well rounded picture). High ecological validity AS High ecological validity A2 Low ecological validity AS Low ecological validity A2

25. Exam/Essay practice Together, using the format, write an answer to the following question: Utilise: Each other Your information booklet Notes from previous lessons Me!

26. Discuss the strengths and limitations of conducting psychological research where ecological validity is low. (12) Strengths P E C P E C

27. Discuss the strengths and limitations of conducting psychological research where ecological validity is low. (12) Weaknesses P E C P E C

28. Conclusion:

29. Peer assessment Swap essay plans and, in your pairs, using the mark scheme do the following -WWW and EBI for the essay you’re marking - Give an approximate mark - Reflect upon your own essay, having looked at a different point of view

33. Homework You’ve done the first 3 questions in this set. Please complete questions 4 and 5. 1.Using your knowledge of psychology, briefly outline what is meant by ecological validity. (4) 2.Describe examples of high ecological validity from any two pieces of psychological research. (8) 3.Discuss the strengths and limitations of conducting psychological research where validity is low. (12) 4.Compare the EV of laboratory experiments with the EV of field experiments. (8) 5.Discuss the usefulness of field experiments in psychology. (8)