1. Chapter 11.2 (Pg. 313-318): Applying Mendel’s Principles

2. Genetics Vocabulary - Genotype - Phenotype - Homozygous - Heterozygous
- An organism’s genetic makeup
- Phenotype
- An organism’s physical traits
- Homozygous
An organism has two of the same allele for a trait
- Heterozygous
An organism has two different alleles for a trait

3. Probability and Genetics
Probability is the likelihood an event will occur
Can be predicted in genetics through segregation
Assumes that each gamete has a ½ chance of carrying an allele

4. Punnett Squares Are named for their creator, Reginald Punnett
Are a simple matrix to calculate the probability of inheritance outcomes
Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

7. The Principle of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during formation of gametes
Traits that segregate independently do not influence each other’s inheritance
The gene that determines seed shape does not affect gene for seed color

8. Two-Factor Crosses
Show how the alleles for one trait are inherited independently of another trait
Two dominant alleles don’t always stay together
Trick is to show the correct combinations of alleles in the parents