1. By Abdalla A. Shaame

2.  Organizations through the developed world use ICT; ie large and small organization, public and commercial organization.  They considered the organization needs with these types of organization, and how organizations are structured and how ICT meets their various needs.  In addition, they are considering how organization collect information and how that information flows within and between organizations.  It looks how developments in ICT system support different activities or function within organization, and how these developments effect why and how organizations present information.  Moreover, the organization focuses on the effectiveness of ICT in helping organizations to achieve their goals.

3.  The information needs of organizations  How organizations, both large, and small, public and commercial, are structured.  How developments in technology affect how organizations collect information and how that information flows within and between organizations.  How developments in technology affect how and why organizations present information.  How ICT systems support different activities or functions within organizations.  How to evaluate the effectiveness of ICT systems in helping organizations to achieve their goals.

4.  This mandatory section is centre-assessed and external moderated.  There are four assessment objectives  Practical capability in applying ICT  Knowledge and understanding of ICT systems and their roles in organizations and society  Apply knowledge and understanding to produce solutions to ICT problems.  Evaluate ICT solutions and own performance

5.  The organization must develop portfolio of evidence for the coverage of the mentioned assessment objectives.  The portfolio of evidence shows what you have learned and what you can do:  You will research the purposes of large and small, public and commercial organizations and their differing data handling needs.  Using ICT, you will produce a formal report of your finding, written for an organization, describing how one ICT system is used to handle the information needs of that organization, and how development of ICT have affected working style in the organization.  You will evaluate your finished report and your own performance. This repot will offer you the opportunity to demonstrate that you have used a proper style which is appropriate for portfolio produced, and will demonstrate the quality of your written evidence.

6.  Furthermore, the organization must adopt standards ways of working so as to manage your work effectively, and show evidence of what has been done.  The presentation of your portfolio is important, it include how you present your portfolio and what you include within it will determine the maximum number of marks that you have earned.  You should include evidence to show that you have carried out research into several types of ICT system.

7.  Developing countries today face a wide range of needs, from more secure food supplies to cheap and effective medicines.  One factor that almost all these needs have in common is that satisfying them adequately will not occur without the use of modern science.  These same countries also face a range of political dilemmas—such as whether to accept the growing of genetically modified crops or how to adapt to the impact of climate change—that also require a knowledge of science.

8.  From both points of view, development can be characterized as the process of putting scientific and technical knowledge into practice.  Conversely, it is important that building the capacity to absorb and make use of scientific and technical knowledge must be placed at the heart of the development aid efforts if these are to be successful in achieving their goals.

9.  But knowledge will not reach those who can benefit from it unless it has been effectively communicated to individuals with the power and skills to put it into practice, whether those are government officials and decision-makers, community groups and their representatives, or even nongovernmental organisations.  Formal education, of course, has a key function here. But so does the informal education provided through the media.  Furthermore, ICTs have an important role to play in this process by reducing or eliminating the transactional (nonproduction) costs of communicating knowledge about science and technology.

10.  At the same time, it is important that the practice of science communication reflects the fact that it takes place in social context.  In other words, it is not just a question of conveying information, but also of engaging the potential users of that information.  The need is to encourage dialogue and eventually to empower those to whom the information is being provided so that this information can be applied in a practical and useful way.