1. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-1 O.C. Ferrell University of New Mexico John Fraedrich University of Wyoming Linda Ferrell University of New Mexico Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases, Seventh Edition For in-class note taking, choose Handouts or Notes Pages from the print options, with three slides per page.

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-2 Chapter 10 Business Ethics in a Global Economy

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-3 Self-Reference Criterion Unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values, experience, and knowledge A reaction based on knowledge grounded in our cultural heritage and accumulated over a lifetime May not have the same relevance to people of other cultures

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-4 Perceptions of Corruptness Least corrupt: –Finland –Denmark –New Zealand –Iceland –Singapore –Sweden –Canada –Luxembourg –Netherlands –United Kingdom Most corrupt: –Bangladesh –Nigeria –Paraguay –Madagascar –Angola –Kenya –Indonesia –Azerbaijan –Uganda –Moldova

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-5 Culture Everything in our surrounding made by people, both tangible and intangible Language, religion, law, politics, technology, education, social organization, general values, and ethical standards Differences in speech and body language

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-6 Cultural and Ethical Relativism Cultural relativism means that morality varies from one culture to the next (business practices are defined as right or wrong based on a particular culture) Ethical relativism is the belief that only one culture defines the ethical behavior for the whole globe, without exception

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-7 Global Values Integrity Honesty Democracy Truthfulness Morality Responsibility Self-discipline Respect

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-8 Multinational Corporations Corporate organizations that operate on a global scale without significant ties to any one nation or region Because of their size and financial power, MNCs have been criticized for engaging in unethical behavior.

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-9 Global Ethical Issues Sexual and racial discrimination Human rights Price discrimination Bribery Harmful products Pollution Telecommunications issues Intellectual property protection The World Trade Organization (WTO)

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-10 Sexual and Racial Discrimination U.S. law prohibits American businesses from discriminating on the basis of sex, race, religion, or disabilities in their hiring, firing, and promotion decisions. Globally, discrimination is culturally embedded in many countries/regions.

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-11 Human Rights Concern for the well-being of employees; key concerns are use of child labor, payment of low wages, and abuses in foreign factories Multinational corporations should view the law as the floor of acceptable behavior and strive to improve workers’ quality of life.

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-12 Price Discrimination Occurs when a firm charges different prices to different groups of customers (these differences are legal if they do not reduce competition, or can be justified on the basis of cost) –Gouging is when unusually high prices are charged due to a shortage. –Dumping involves charging high prices for a product at home and low prices in foreign markets.

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-13 Bribery Facilitating payments are acceptable in many cultures U.S. law addresses this issue with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: –Prohibits American corporations from offering or providing payments to officials of foreign governments to obtain or retain business abroad

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-14 Harmful Products Pesticides Tobacco products Dumping of waste materials Products become harmful because of illiteracy, unsanitary conditions, and cultural values

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-15 Pollution There are no physical boundaries on the extent of the damage resulting from environmental abuse. Key concern areas: –Carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) –Methane gases –Overall water and air quality

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-16 Telecommunications Issues Day trading Money laundering –Illegally received funds are transferred or used in a financial transaction so as to conceal the actual owner.

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-17 Intellectual Property Protection Violations of copyright laws –Published and unpublished materials –Napster Trademark infringement

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company10-18 World Trade Organization (WTO) Not environmentally friendly Poor record with underdeveloped countries Administers its own trade negotiations Settles trade disputes Monitors trade policies