1. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Cell Division and Mitosis
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

2. http://www. bioteach. ubc

3. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?
By making more cells.

4. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
DNA
Why is DNA important?
Because DNA stores genetic information and is replicated to pass information from cell-to-cell and generation-to- generation.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

5. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Cell Division
Replication
Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Why do cells need to divide?
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

6. Why do cells need to divide?
To make new cells (if you are injured or growing)
Pass on your genes to next generation (sex)

7. Which phases are part of mitosis?
Cell Cycle
Which phases are part of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

8. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Which cycle is the longest?
Cell Cycle
Interphase
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

9. Interphase occurs before mitosis begins
copied
Chromosomes are __________ (# doubles)
Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
CELL MEMBRANE
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

10. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
What happens to the chromosomes during Interphase?
The chromosomes double

11. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
INTERPHASE
DNA is replicated.
During DNA replication the DNA separates into two strands and produces two new complementary strands.
Remember A binds to ___ and C binds to ___.
Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
T G
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

12. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
INTERPHASE
Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
chromatin
duplicated
chromosome
DNA is packed into ______________ after replication.
Chromosomes
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

13. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Chromosomes that are duplicated during Interphase are called?
Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

14. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
INTERPHASE
DNA condensed into visible Chromosomes
95% of the time DNA looks like this in the _________.
Nucleus
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

15. Prophase 1st step in Mitosis
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
____________ (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell.
Spindle fibers form between the poles.
Centrioles
Centrioles
Sister chromatids
Spindle fibers

16. left picture of a Plant cell?
Prophase
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Is the right picture or
left picture of a Plant cell?

17. Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis
Chromatids
_____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
Spindle fibers
Centrioles

18. ____________
METAPHASE
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

19. Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis
Chromatids
______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Spindle fibers
Centrioles

20. ____________ ANAPHASE Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

21. Telophase 4th step in Mitosis
nuclei
Two new _________form.
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods).
Mitosis ends.
Nuclei
Nuclei
Chromatin

22. TELOPHASE ___________ Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

23. _____________ occurs after mitosis
CYTOKINESIS
_____________ occurs after mitosis
Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.

24. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Cytokinesis
Is this an animal or plant cell?
In Animal Cells, a Cleavage Furrow Forms and Separates Daughter Cells
Cleave furrow in a dividing frog cell.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

25. Which process is pictured below
Which process is pictured below? -Cell Division -Mitosis or -Cytokinesis

26. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Cytokinesis
Is this an animal or plant cell?
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

27. Which phase has chromatids lined up in the middle?
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             
Cytokinesis                                                             

28. IPMATC REMEMBER! Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Cytokinesis
A mnemonic to help remember the stages of mitosis.
I Pray More At The Church

29. Cell Cycle

30. The Cell Cycle PROPHASE - PREPARE INTERPHASE - INTERMISSION
METAPHASE - MIDDLE
CYTOKINESIS - CELLS
ANAPHASE - APART
TELOPHASE – TWO NUCLEI 30

31. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Cell Cycle
Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
interphase
prophase
metaphase
Why does the cell cycle precisely divide the duplicated chromosomes into two?
To make each new cell identical with a complete set of genetic instructions.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

32. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Mitosis Precisely and Evenly Divides Duplicated Chromosomes
Is cytokinesis part of mitosis?
No, neither is Interphase.
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

33. Genes, Mitosis and Cytokinesis
4/17/2017
Mitosis in Action
What is the Blue stuff?
DNA
G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

34. Cancer Progression
There are many different forms of cancer, affecting different cell types and working in different ways. All start out with mutations in specific genes called “oncogenes”. The normal, unmutated versions of the oncogenes provide the control mechanisms for the cell. The mutations are caused by radiation, certain chemicals (carcinogens), and various random events during DNA replication.
Once a single cell starts growing uncontrollably, it forms a tumor, a small mass of cells. No further progress can occur unless the cancerous mass gets its own blood supply. “Angiogenesis” is the process of developing a system of small arteries and veins to supply the tumor. Most tumors don’t reach this stage.
A tumor with a blood supply will grow into a large mass. Eventually some of the cancer cells will break loose and move through the blood supply to other parts of the body, where they start to multiply. This process is called metastasis. It occurs because the tumor cells lose the proteins on their surface that hold them to other cells.