1. صدق الله العظيم الاسراء اية 58

2. By Dr. Abdel Aziz M. Hussein Assistant Prof. of Medical Physiology

3. Revision

4. Physiology total marks = 250 marks 1.Midyear MCQ exam = 45 marks + 5 marks (case) 2.Logbook = 5 marks 3.Case exam = 5 marks 4.Practical = 15 marks 5.Sheet and MCQ exam = 30 marks 6.Oral exam = 20 marks 7.Final year exam = 125 marks (85 written + 40 MCQ)

5. Short Essay Questions

6. 1.Osmole and mole 2.Homeostasis 3.Negative feedback mechanism 4.Gap junctions 5.Tight junctions 6.Simple diffusion 7.Facilitated diffusion 8.Active transport 9.Vesicular transport 10.Voltage gated ion channels 11. Ligand gated ion channels 12. Pinocytosis 13.Phagocytosis 14. Pinocytosis 15. Phagocytosis 16. Osmosis 17. Tonicity 18. Osmotic pressure 19. Donnan equilibrium Define (one march for each)

7. 1.Functions of general functions of water 2.Types of feedback mechanisms 3.Routes of water input 4.Routes of Water output 5.General functions of cell membrane 6.Type and functions of cell membrane proteins 7.Types of intercellular connections of physiological importance 8. Physiological importance of osmosis 9. Effects of Donnan equilibrium 10. Types of endocytosis, give example for each type 11. Characters of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport 12. Types of active transport, give example for each type 13. Inhibitors or activators of Na-K pumpEnumerate

8. 1.Simple, facilitated diffusion and active transport 2.Tight junction and gap junctions 3.Endocytosis and exocytosis 4.Ligand gated and voltage gated ion channels 5.Primary and secondary active transport Compare between

9. 1.Inhibition of Na-K pump on distribution of ions inside and outside cells. 2.Occurrence of Donnan equilibrium at the level of the cell 3.Exposure of the cell to hypotonic or hypertonic solutions 4.Inhibition of Na-K pump on; 2ry active transport of Glucose Transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion Osmotic equilibrium between ICF and ECF 5. Donnan equilibrium on osmotic pressure of plasma proteins into capillaries 6. Donnan equilibrium on Na and Cl concentration in glomerular filtrate at glomerular capillaries Mention the effect and explain its mechanism of

10. 1.Osmosis 2.Donnan equilibrium 3.Ligand gated ion channels 4.Voltage gated ion channels 5.Na – K pump 6.Gap junctions 7.Tight junctions 8.Glycocalyx 9.Receptor mediated endocytosis Mention Physiological importance of

11. The cotransport of glucose (secondary active transport) derives energy from 1.A Na concentration gradient. 2.The glucose being transported. 3.The membrane voltage. 4.Body heat.

12. Matter can leave a cell by any of the following means except 1.Active transport. 2.Endocytosis. 3.Simple diffusion. 4.Exocytosis.

13. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution 1.the cell will swell 2.the cell will shrink 3.the concentration of water outside the cell is initially higher than the concentration inside the cell 4.the concentration of non-penetrating solute inside the cell will decrease

14. Regarding the sodium, potassium pump 1.energy from ATP is directly used to move the sodium and potassium 2.sodium can be moved either into or out of the cell 3.more sodium ions are pumped into the cell than potassium ions are pumped out 4.A and B. 5.A and C.

24. THANKS