1. 3 rd Fuel Group Meeting November 25, 2014 Future Emission Road Map (Being Discussed in India)

2. S/W group 1 Vehicle Emissions S/W group 2 Auto exhaust S/W group 3 Refinery S/W group 4 Logistics Chairman Auto Fuel Policy 2025 Committee Expected Release of Auto Fuel Policy 2025 (2014 end) Final Report Submitted to Minister of Planning for approval. Member Uploaded for stake holders comments (July 2014 ) (May 2014 ) Status of Auto Fuel Policy 2025 2 /14

3. Auto Fuel Policy 2025 – Brief 1.April 2015 : BS IV Extension to 50 Cities 2.BS IV+ being considered by Oil companies (~ 40 ppm S Fuel) 3.2017 : BS IV fuel across the country 4.2021 : BS V Fuel across the country 5.BS VI : 4 years after BS V Countrywide 3 /14

4. Bharat Stage IV Emission Norms Extension Since 2010 : 13 cities (Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, including Secunderabad, Agra, Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow & Sholapur). By 2014 : Proposed to be extended to 20 more cities (Puducherry, Mathura, Vapi, Jamnagar, Ankaleshwar, Hisar, Bharatpur, Daman, Diu, Silvassa, Unnao, Rae Barielly, Aligarh, Karnal, Valsad, Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, Nizamabad, Medak & Mehboobnagar) Year 2015 : Northern India, Except Eastern UP & Madhya Pradesh Year 2016 : Southern India Some regions in Tamil Nadu & Kerala may not get covered. Year 2017 :Rest of the country 4 /14

5. Bharat Stage V Emission Norms -As BS-V Emission norms proposed - Year 2021, across the country. - BS V Fuel produced from 2017 (30%) - AFP requested for possibility introducing BS-V enabled from 2017 with after treatment retrofit option for old 4 wheelers SIAM does not support sporadic introduction of BSV Emission norms in select cities & retro fitment option 5 /14

6. SIAM Proposed to Roll Out BS IV, BS V & BS VI Countrywide as follows SIAM proposal to AFP 2025 6 /14

7. BS V & BS VI Emission Norms for Positive Ignition (PI) Engine Vehicles < 3.5 tons GVW Norms Cate gory ClassRW in kgCOTHCNOxNMHCPM mg / km BS V (Euro Vb) M All1,0001006068 4.5 N1IRW< 13051,00010060684.5 II1305< RW < 17601,81013075904.5 III1760 < RW2,27016082108 4.5 BS VI (Euro VI) M All1,0001006068 4.5 N1IRW< 13051,00010060684.5 II1305< RW < 17601,81013075904.5 III1760 < RW2,270160821084.5 Particulate Matter (PM) standards shall apply to vehicles with Gasoline direct injection engines only BS V & VI Norms 7 /14

8. ClassRW in kg CONOxTHC + NoxPMPN mg/km BS V (Euro Vb) M All5001802304.5 6.0 X 10 11 N1IRW< 13055001802304.56.0 X 10 11 II1305<RW< 17606302352954.56.0 X 10 11 III1760 < RW7402803504.5 6.0 X 10 11 BS VI (Euro VI) M All500801704.5 6.0 X 10 11 N1IRW< 1305500801704.56.0 X 10 11 II1305<RW< 17606301051954.56.0 X 10 11 III1760 < RW7401252154.56.0 X 10 11 BS V & VI Norms BS V & BS VI Emission Norms for Compression Ignition (CI / Diesel ) Engine Vehicles < 3.5 tons GVW 8 /14

9. Emission Driving Cycle CO g/kWh NMHC # g/kWh CH 4 g/kWh NOx g/kWh NH 3 ppm PM g/kWh P No. /kWh BS V (Euro V) ETC4.00.551.12.0---0.03--- BS VI (Euro VI) WHTC4.00.160.50.46100.016X10 11 For CNG only For diesel only Emission Norms for Diesel engines # A manufacturer may choose to measure the mass of total hydrocarbons (THC) instead of measuring the mass of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC). In this case, the limit for mass of THC should be same as for NMHC Emission Driving Cycle CO g/kWh HC g/kWh NOx g/kWh NH 3 ppm PM g/kWh P No. /kWh BS V (Euro V)ESC1.50.462.0---0.02--- BS VI (Euro VI)WHSC1.50.130.4100.018X10 11 BS V and BS VI Emission Norms Vehicles > 3.5 t GVW Emission Norms for Diesel, CNG or LPG engines BS V & VI Norms 9 /14

10. Key Fuel Specifications – BS V 10 /14

11. Proposal of Fuel specs Diesel Gasoline Reference for proposed Spec: Japan, China & Korea fuel spec 11 /14

12. History of Fuel specs - Auto fuel policy mandate – YR 2000 - Diesel specs mandated for meeting emissions regulations Last AFP recommendation implemented in 2005 Previous AFP stressed on improving Fuel spec to meet stringent regulation 12 /14

13. Findings of Expert Committee on T95 -During the AFP 2025 meetings it was explained that existing data studies were on EURO 1 & EURO II vehicles. - Data can be extrapolated to EURO IV & beyond because EURO IV & V engine systems are much more severe than EURO I & II engines - Use of CRDI system of higher generations & more close tolerances within engine. -All the findings done earlier would be even worse for modern engines. - Hence Europe has not changed the specifications 13 /14

14. Why Limits of T95, Density & Viscosity important - Engines are calibrated with Reference fuel with - Density : 833 ~ 837 kg/m 3 - T95 : 345 o C to 350 o C - Viscosity : 2.3 to 3.3 mm 2 /s - Sub optimum performance & emission if market fuel is drastically different - Higher T95 & Viscosity results in: - Higher deposits formation - Deposits also affect DPF & DOC – premature failure - Leads to durability problems of engine components - Nozzle choking by heavier fractions - OBD Failure - glowing of MIL lamp affects the customer adversely - Difficult to meet emission durability standard which is more severe for BS V compared to BS IV 14 /14

15. ありがとうございました

16. 2016 20 Cities 13 Cities BS IV Emission Norms Extension 16 2015