1. Bruininks-Oserentsky Test of Motor Proficiency- 2nd Edition
BOT-2: Gross Motor
Bruininks-Oserentsky Test of Motor Proficiency- 2nd Edition

2. Key characteristics Purpose Age Time Cost
Evaluate proficiency of motor skills
Support diagnoses, screening (short form), educational placement (physical education), etc.
Most widely used motor proficiency test
Age
4yrs -21yrs 11 months
Time
Complete form= minutes
Short Form= minutes
Cost
Gross motor kit- $515.00

3. Gross motor Body coordination Bilateral coordination Balance
Strength & Agility
Running speed and agility
Strength

4. Gross Motor Domains Gross motor composite total: 26 items
Body coordination: motor skills used with balance & coordination of the upper and lower extremities
Strength & agility: large muscle strength, motor speed, and motor skills for maintaining body position for walking and running

5. Procedures Testing procedures
Standardized test: administered & scored according to specific procedures
Gross motor should be performed in an area 60 feet long 12 feet wide
Determine hand preference: set a tennis ball on the table and ask the examinee to pick up the ball and throw to you.
Foot preference: place tennis ball on floor and instruct the examinee to kick the ball
Within each subtest the entire item set should be administered regardless of the child’s age
Administration procedures
Structured
Can teach the item using pictures, physical demonstration, or verbal instruction
Establish rapport

6. Procedures Administration procedures Structured
Can teach the item using pictures, physical demonstration, or verbal instruction
Establish rapport
Administrative options:
Complete form: most reliable measure of overall motor proficiency
Short form: quick and easy overall measure & also used to determine the need for further assessment
Select composites & select subtest: can administer only subtests or composites that are relevant to the client’s need but the complete form should be used for qualifying a client for special-education services or diagnosis such as DCD

8. Examples of test items Gross motor Body coordination
Bilateral coordination
Jumping jacks, tapping foot and finger
Balance
Walking forward on a line, standing on one leg on a balance beam
Strength & Agility
Running speed & agility
Shuttle run, one-legged side hop
Strength
Standing long jump, sit-ups, push-ups

9. Standardization Sample:
Scores identify motor-skill deficits in individuals with mild to moderate motor control problems
Sample:
N=1520
12 groups of 4-21 year olds
Sample tested in 239 sites within 38 states
Based on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the Census, 2001) & the Twenty- sixth Annual Report to Congress (U.S. Department of Education, 2004)
Sampling goal to match US population:
Sex
Race/ethnicity (closely matched US population)
Socioeconomic status
Geographic region

10. Development Started out as the BOTMP in 1978
2002 product survey identified less effective items within the test
New content focused on improving measurement among 4 & 5 year olds, and expanding coverage of fine and gross motor skills
Secondary goal
Subtest more homogenous collection of activities
2005 final publication of the BOT-2

11. Psychometric Properties
Internal consistency
Test-retest
Reliability
Interrater Reliability
Domains ( )
Test-retest study
N=134
Interrater reliability: Manual coordination, body coordination, and strength & agility
Sub-domains ( )
Mean re-test interval 7-42 days
Fine motor: 0.92
Total BOT-2 Score
( )
Age 4-7=0.81
Age 8-12=0.80
Age 13-21= 0.75
Construct: used a composite structure that distinguishes motor on the basis of limbs and muscles involved in the relationship to functional activities involved in postural control, locomotion, and object manipulation

12. Psychometric Properties Continued
Validity
Content
Validated through logical & empirical procedures that were used to select items during development
Construct
Used a composite structure that distinguishes motor skills by limbs and musculature involved in relationship to functional activities in areas of postural control, locomotion, and object manipulation
Clinical group difference
Supports diagnosis of motor performance deficits
Criterion
BOTMP, PDMS-2, TVMS-R

13. Scoring & Recording

14. Results Converting raw scores to point scores
Compute subtest total point scores
Convert scale scores to composite standard scores

15. Interpretation Well below average Below average Average Above average
Well above average

16. Test characteristics Areas of occupation Assessment approach
Education (physical education)
Play
Assessment approach
Bottom-up approach
Frame of Reference
Developmental
Because it is a component based bottom up assessment it does not measure any specific areas of occupation
Areas of occupation
Play
Social participation
Leisure
BOT-2 is designed and normed for individuals age 4-21 to evaluate motor proficiency

17. Where would this tool be used?
Private practice
School system
Performed in a gymnasium
Area should be 60 feet long and 12 feet wide, low distractions

18. Measurement concerns
Normative data did not represent for populations outside of the US
Cost: Complete form test kit= $837.00
Area, size, requirements, special equipment
Examinee dependent
Assessment time
Because this is a motor profienciecy test the examinee has to perform the items and this can be difficult depending on their mood, energy level, etc