1. ANIMAL BEHAVIORS
Biology
Objective 4.05

2. WORDS TO DEFINE Chapter 34, page 871 Behavior Stimulus Response
Habituation
Classical conditioning
Imprinting

3. Animals Behave…
It is only natural for one to behave like others in their surroundings.
BEHAVIOR- (def.) an organism’s reaction to STIMULI (def.)
Ex: If you hear a loud noise, you might jump!

4. Animals Behave…
An animal’s reaction to a STIMULUS may not be a BEHAVIOR, but it may be a RESPONSE (def.)

5. Examples of Stimuli Light Sound Odor Heat
Some birds use the Earth’s magnetic field as a stimulus when they migrate!
ALL animals evolve to stimuli:
P 872, fig 34-3

6. Three Types of Behavior
Innate Behavior
INSTINCT or TAXIS
Behavior performed with no prior experience or knowledge
Ex: suckling= instinct
movement toward/ away from light
Migration
Estivation
hibernation

7. Three types of Behavior
2) Learned Behavior
Behavior that comes from adaptation to stimuli when innate responses are not enough
Develop over time (Ex: learning to read!)

8. Three types of Behavior
Learned behavior (cont’d)
Animals learn from our parent’s behaviors
THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNED BEHAVIOR:
Habituation
Classical Conditioning

9. Habituation (def.) Repetition! The animal ignores a non-threat stimuli
Shore Ragworm p 874

10. Classical Conditioning (def.)
Conditioning a response to stimuli
Ex: when a dog sees a leash, it wants to go for a walk!
Pavlov’s Dog, p 874 fig 34-5
Also called “trial and error”

11. Animal Behavior Video Links
Aggression video: hippo
fish
(Classical cond)

12. Imprinting (def.) INVOLVES BOTH LEARNED & INNATE BEHAVIORS
Usually seen in fowl (geese, ducks)
Young hatchlings follow and mimic the first moving thing that they see!
Can also use scent instead of sight (Salmon)

13. ASSIGNMENT
P 876
#’s 1, 2, 4, 5

14. Three Types of Behavior
3) Social Behavior
Communication between animals (Visual, Sound, Touch, or Chemical)
Ex: Language in Humans
Can be based on seasonal change (birds migrating, mating seasons)

15. Social Behavior (cont’d)
Types of social behavior:
Courtship
Territorial Defense
Pheromones

16. Courtship Communication between males and females in species
An individual sends out stimuli
Visual (courtship dance, vivid colors)
Sound (mating call)
Chemicals that attract the opposite sex
Stimuli become “ritual”

17. Courtship (cont’d)
The function of courtship is to find the most healthy mate!
Survival of the species depends upon passing on the traits that are going to help the species survive.
Ex: Humans want to choose the most “becoming” significant other!

18. Mating Ritual
Moose Mating Call
trmichels.com

19. Competition
Organisms show competition when they are fighting over a resource (land, food, mate)
Aggression (GRrRrRrrrrrrrrr!)
Ex: Territorial competition in fighting fish (beta fish)

20. Pheromones Pheromones are chemical signals that affect animal behavior
Only used in animals with highly developed smell organs (fish, bees, ants)

21. Plants Behave Too!
Plants respond to stimuli just like animals do, but they have special ways of showing it!
TROPISMS- growth of a plant in response to a stimulus.
Three basic types:
Phototropism, Geotropism, and Thigmotropism

22. Phototropism Response to light
Plants will grow in any direction to get to a light source

23. Geotropism Response to gravity
Roots grow toward earth in response to gravity

24. Thigmotropism Response to touch
Some plants ‘vine’ around objects for support (beans, grapes, morning glories)

25. Assignment
P 882
#’s 2-4

26. EOC REVIEW! Go over sections 2 & 3
TIME TO WORK ON NEXT ASSIGNMENT IN CLASS!