1. Chapter 17 PROGRESSIVISM

2. Objectives
Identify the causes of Progressivism.
Analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement.
Evaluate some of the social reforms that Progressives tackled.
Explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reforms.

3. Terms and People
Progressivism – movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms
muckraker – writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business
Lincoln Steffens – muckraking author of Shame of the Cities; exposed corruption in urban government
Jacob Riis – muckraking photographer and author of How The Other Half Lives; exposed the condition of the urban poor
Jane Addams – leader in the settlement house movement
settlement house – community center that provided services for the urban poor
Social Gospel – belief that following Christian principles could bring about social justice
direct primary – allowed voters to select candidates rather than having them selected by party leaders

4. 17.1 - Terms and People (continued)
initiative – process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot
referendum – process that allows citizens to reject or accept laws passed by their legislature
recall – process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end 4

12. Progressivism A reform movement to change society for the better.
Industrialization and urbanization caused opportunities but also problems.
Progressives wanted to fix these problems.

13. WHAT PROBLEMS DID PROGRESSIVFES WANT TO FIX?
CORRUPT GOVERNMENT
UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES
LIFE OF THE URBAN POOR.
SAFETY IN THE WORK PLACE
SOCIAL INJUSTICES

14. THE AVERAGE PROGRESSIVE
WHITE
MIDDLE CLASS
COLLEGE EDUCATED
CITY DWELLER
FEMALE (SOME)

15. MUCKRAKERS
Writers who wanted to fix the problems of society were called Muckrakers.
They investigated problems and than wrote magazine articles, books or took photographs so that people would become angry and do something about the problems.

16. Famous Muckrakers
1. Ida Tarbell Wrote about Standard Oil Company’s unfair
business practices that put her father out of
business
2. Jacob Riis Wrote and took pictures of the living conditions of the urban poor
3. Upton Sinclair Wrote The Jungle, about the unsanitary condition of the Chicago meatpacking industry

17. JANE ADAMS
Wanted to help immigrants adjust to life in America by offering them classes in English, child care, and social services.
She started the Settlement House movement in the U.S. Her settlement house that helped the poor and immigrants was in Chicago. It was called Hull House.

19. WORKING CONDITIONS Progressive reforms addressed working conditions;
Men, women and children sometimes worked 15 hours a day in factories and sweatshops.
Wages were very low. A woman received half as much as a man and a child half as much of what a woman made.
A sick or injured worker was easily replaced by cheap immigrant labor.

20. TRIANGLE FACTORY FIRE
1911- A fire breaks out at the Triangle Factory (Asch Building in lower NYC). The fire kills 146 Italian and Jewish garment workers.
The factory had no fire escape and the door were locked to keep the workers from
leaving.

21. Worker safety
was an important
issue to Progressives.
In the early 1900s, the U.S. had the world’s
highest rate of industrial accidents.

22. VOTER REFORM
Initiative People can start a law to be voted on by the state legislature if enough
people sign a petition.
Referendum People get to vote on a law that the state passed in order to decide whether or not to accept it or reject it.
Recall People may vote an elected official out of office if there are good reasons.

23. 17.2 Women's Rights

24. Objectives
Analyze the impact of changes in women’s education on women’s roles in society.
Explain what women did to win workers’ rights and to improve family life.
Evaluate the tactics women used to win passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

25. Terms and People
Florence Kelley – founded the National Consumer’s League (NCL)
National Consumer’s League (NCL) – group that labeled and publicized “goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions”
temperance movement – aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
Margaret Sanger – nurse who opened the first birth control clinic
Ida B. Wells – helped to found the National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

26. 17.2 - Terms and People (continued)
suffrage – the right to vote
Carrie Chapman Catt – president of the NAWSA, campaigned to pass women’s suffrage at both the state and national levels
National American Woman Suffrage Association – group that worked on the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote
Alice Paul – social activist, led women to picket at the White House to get the right to vote
Nineteenth Amendment – 1919, constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote 26

27. Women Rights
Women did not have the same rights as men in the early 1900s.
College educated women were not hired and so many joined the Progressive Movement

28. SUFFRAGE Woman fought for the right to vote.
Alice Paul, head of the National Women’s Party, along with many other suffragist, were arrested and jailed for their role in fighting for equal rights.
19th Amendment was added to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote during President Wilson’s term.

30. TEMPERANCE Many women joined the temperance movement.
Many people believed that alcohol was society’s biggest problem. It caused men to beat their wives and drink up their paychecks in saloons.
The Temperance Movement helped lead the way to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1919, which outlaws the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol.

32. 17.3 Civil Rights 1871–1914

33. Objectives
Analyze Progressives’ attitudes toward minority rights.
Explain why African Americans organized.
Examine the strategies used by members of other minority groups to defend their rights.

34. Terms and People
Americanization – belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens
Booker T. Washington – favored a gradualist approach for blacks to earn rights through economic progress and employment in the skilled trades
W.E.B. Du Bois – demanded immediate and full rights for blacks as guaranteed by the Constitution
Niagara Movement – group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and achieve political rights for African Americans
Urban League – organization to assist working class African Americans with relief, jobs, clothing, and schools

35. 17.3 - Terms and People (continued)
Anti-Defamation League – organization whose goal is to defend Jews and others from false statements and verbal or physical attacks
mutualistas – Mexican American groups that provided loans, legal assistance, and disability insurance for members 35

36. DISCRIMINATION
Progressives saw many immigrant customs as bad behavior.
They wanted the immigrants to replace their customs to become more American.
These efforts were called Americanization.

37. WHO WAS LEFT OUT OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMS?
Progressives did not address the problems faced by African Americans;
Discrimination (housing, work, social)
African Americans addressed their own problems:
Created the NAACP ( headed by W.E.B.Dubois)

38. AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE SPLIT ON HOW TO END RACIAL DISCRIMMINATION
Booker T. Washington believed that African Americans would gradually earn equality by learning a skill in a trade.
W.E.B Dubois believed African Americans
should demand equal rights immediately.

39. AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT FOR EQUAL RIGHTS
Progressives did not address the problems faced by African Americans so they created their own organizations.
The NAACP was created after a 1908 riot in Springfield, Illinois which killed many African Americans. This organization demanded voting and civil rights for African Americans. It was led by W.E.B. Dubois
The Urban League helped the poor find jobs, housing, opportunity to et an education.

40. PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS AND REFORM
How Society’s Problems were fixed on the Federal and State Level

41. 17.4 Theodore Roosevelt’s Administration

42. Objectives
Discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s ideas on the role of government.
Analyze how Roosevelt changed the government’s role in the economy.
Explain the impact of Roosevelt’s actions on natural resources.
Compare and contrast Taft’s policies with Roosevelt’s.

43. Terms and People
Theodore Roosevelt – President who passed Progressive reforms and expanded the powers of the presidency.
Square Deal – Roosevelt’s program to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor
Hepburn Act – gave the Interstate Commerce Committee power to limit railroad company prices
Meat Inspection Act – gave federal agents power to inspect and monitor the meatpacking industry
Pure Food and Drug Act – gave the federal government responsibility for insuring food and medicine are safe
John Muir – California naturalist who advocated for the creation of Yosemite National Park
Gifford Pinchot – forestry official who proposed managing the forests for later public use

44. Terms and People (continued)
National Reclamation Act – gave the federal government power to decide where and how water would be distributed in arid western states
New Nationalism – Roosevelt’s 1912 plan to restore the government’s trust-busting power
Progressive Party – political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 44

45. THEODORE ROOSEVELT BECOMES PRESIDENT
President McKinley is assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt becomes president.
He is one of three Progressive Presidents that wants to improve life for all Americans.

46. TR
Conservationist protected National Parks and natural resources from big business
Trustbuster (He was known for getting rid of “bad” trust that had monopolies.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
(see The Jungle Sinclair) by Upton

49. TR Runs for President in 1904
Square Deal was his 1904 campaign slogan. (He wanted to balance the interests of all Americans to make life fair for all Americans.)

50. TR DECIDES TO RETIRE FROM POLITICS
TR wants to spend his time hunting and enjoying nature. He decides not to run in the 1908 Presidential election.

51. TAFT
TR’s friend, William Howard Taft, wins the presidency of 1908 but has a falling out with TR after he did not follow through on TR’s policies. What does he do that TR doesn’t like?:
Raises tariffs instead of lowering them.
Does not protect Alaska’s natural resources (coal and lumber)

52. PROGRESSIVE PARTY
TR forms the Progressive Party during the election of 1912 when he decides to run against his old friend Taft. Taft runs as the Republican candidate.
TR calls his new party the Progressive Party (AKA: The Bull Moose Party)
Both Taft and TR lose because they split the Republican Party vote allowing Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat, to win.

53. TR WAS a Republican but when he decided to run for re-election
In 1912, he formed a new party called the Progressive or Bull Moose
Party. Taft was the Republican candidate. THIS IA A PICTURE OF A REAL BULL MOOSE. Why do you think TR called his party this name?

54. 17.5 Wilson Administration

55. Objectives
Evaluate what Wilson hoped to do with his “New Freedom” program.
Describe Wilson’s efforts to regulate the economy.
Assess the legacy of the Progressive Era.

56. Terms and People
Woodrow Wilson – Progressive Democrat elected President in 1912
New Freedom – Wilson’s program to place strict government controls on corporations
Sixteenth Amendment – 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the power to impose an income tax
Federal Reserve Act – 1913 law that placed the national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling
Clayton Anti-trust Act – strengthened anti-trust laws by spelling out specific practices in which businesses could not engage

57. WOODROW WILSON – New Freedom
Federal Reserve Act – Protects the money supply by controlling banks
Limits child labor
Worker’s Compensation (payments for injury on the job.)
16th Amendment (income tax)
17th Amendment (direct election of
senators)
18th Amendment (Prohibition of alcohol)
19th Amendment (women’s right to vote)