1. Leadership & Management Discussion for Lesson 13: Leadership Communication

2. Lesson 13 Reading Objectives 1. The student will comprehend and explain the following communication terms: a. Congruence a. Congruence b. Frame of reference b. Frame of reference c. Paradigm c. Paradigm d. Active listening d. Active listening e. Impression Management e. Impression Management 2. The student will comprehend the process of effective communication.

3. Lesson 13 Reading Objectives 3. The student will comprehend the importance of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of transmission. 4. The student will comprehend active listening and how it impacts the effectiveness of listening. 5. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding communications problems such as excessive use of jargon and gender differences in large organizations.

4. Lesson 13 Discussion Objectives 1. The student will comprehend and explain the following communication terms: a. Congruence a. Congruence b. Frame of reference b. Frame of reference c. Paradigm c. Paradigm d. Active listening d. Active listening e. Impression management e. Impression management

5. Lesson 13 Discussion Objectives 2. The student will comprehend the importance of nonverbal communication and list some of its modes of transmission. 3. The student will comprehend active listening and how it impacts the effectiveness of listening. 4. The student will comprehend strategies for avoiding communications problems such as excessive use of jargon and gender differences in large organizations.

6. Communication Terms  Congruence The consistency of a given message with previous messages and a leader’s actions. The consistency of a given message with previous messages and a leader’s actions. Congruence leads followers to “trust” the leader’s messageCongruence leads followers to “trust” the leader’s message A perceived incongruence implies a level of dishonesty or sarcasm in the message. A perceived incongruence implies a level of dishonesty or sarcasm in the message. Leaders should avoid sharing transitory feelings with subordinatesLeaders should avoid sharing transitory feelings with subordinates

7. Communication Terms (Cont.)  Frame of reference People perceive words and concepts differently because their perspectives differ. People perceive words and concepts differently because their perspectives differ.  Paradigm A model, framework, viewpoint, or perspective; a world-view. A model, framework, viewpoint, or perspective; a world-view. A problem can occur when people look at a situation from different paradigms.A problem can occur when people look at a situation from different paradigms.

8. Communication Terms (Cont.)  Active Listener Listens intensely, with goal of empathizing with speaker and providing feedback Listens intensely, with goal of empathizing with speaker and providing feedback  Impression Management To create desired impressions by using appropriate behaviors To create desired impressions by using appropriate behaviors

9. Effective Communication  Model of effective communication: - Ideation - Encoding - Decoding - Transmission - Receiving - Understanding - Feedback - Taking Action

10. Nonverbal Communication  Nonverbal behavior impacts message.  Purpose is to communicate the feeling behind the message.  Transmission modes include environment, interpersonal distance, posture, gestures, facial expressions, voice quality and personal appearance.

11. Active Listening  Ensures listener’s attention  Demands eye-contact and absence of distractions  Requires intense listening, empathy with speaker and feedback

12. Active Listening (Cont.)  Active Listeners should: Model nonverbal signals associated with active listening Model nonverbal signals associated with active listening Actively interpret sender’s message Actively interpret sender’s message Be aware of sender’s nonverbal behaviors Be aware of sender’s nonverbal behaviors Avoid defensiveness Avoid defensiveness

13. Strategies for Avoiding Communication Problems  Understand your audience  Avoid unnecessary acronyms and jargon  Understand typical gender differences

14. Next Class  Assertiveness and Feedback  Read: Leadership & Management, Chapter 14

15. Summary  Good leaders are good communicators  Communication skills include: Effective expression Effective expression Active Listening Active Listening Assertiveness Assertiveness Feedback Feedback  Key issue is congruence of message  Know your audience

16. Questions? ???