1. BCT 100 Overview of the Construction Industry

3. Structural Failure (continued) Strength of Materials Failure Engineering / Design Error Poor Construction Unauthorized Substitution Loadings Applied that were not Considered

4. Three Examples John Hancock Tower, Boston Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City Citicorp Tower, New York City

5. John Hancock Tower, Boston Pei Cobb Freed Associates, Architects

6. Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City

7. Citicorp Tower, New York City

8. Photo with plywood for windows

9. Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981

12. 1. Undersized Structural Members

13. Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981 2. Substitution of Design without Check

14. Citicorp Tower in NYC

15. Citicorp Tower in NYC sits on four huge columns that are not at the corners

16. Citicorp Tower in NYC. Every eight floors is supported by a huge truss.

17. Citicorp Tower Under Construction Note the Truss Construction on the Tower Shaft

18. The Engineer, William LeMessurier

19. Catastrophic Structural Failure

21. Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Galloping Gertie

22. Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Opening Day Ceremony

23. Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA High Winds Cause Oscillation in the Bridge Deck

24. Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA High Winds Cause Oscillation in the Bridge Deck

25. Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA Bridge Design Magnifies Oscillation. Bridge Tears Itself Apart

26. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

27. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Exterior Glass Cladding

28. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure Section thru Terminal Building

29. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

30. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

31. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

32. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

33. Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

34. L’Ambiance Plaza, Bridgeport, CT

36. Structural Failure usually occurs surprisingly quickly

37. Slight changes in design or installation can mean the difference between success and….

38. Structural Collapse

39. Hartford Coliseum, Hartford CT Roof Collapse

40. Hartford Coliseum, Hartford CT Roof Collapse

41. B and O Railway Roundhouse Roof Collapse due to snow load

42. Understanding prevailing winds and snow loading

45. Ice Accumulation on a telecommunications tower in Kansas

46. Snow and Ice Damage on a smaller scale

47. Water Infiltration as a demolition tool

48. Minneapolis MI Freeway Bridge

51. Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This

52. Who said “Just Put it Up There”

53. Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This Demolition Workers Caused This

54. Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This Demolition Workers Caused This

55. If Given Options, Consider Where You Build

56. Don’t Be Afraid to Second Guess your Design Team and Ask Questions MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada No Sprinkler System Installed. 85 Dead, Hundreds Injured

57. Don’t Be Afraid to Second Guess your Design Team and Ask Questions MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada No Sprinkler System Installed. 85 Dead, Hundreds Injured

58. Some Building Collapses are intentionally engineered Las Vegas Seems to Do This on a Regular Basis

59. Desert Inn Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada

60. The Sands Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada

61. The Stardust Hotel, Las Vegas Nevada

62. Intentional Demolition is also used as a weapon

63. Oklahoma City, OK 1995 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building destroyed by Terrorists

64. World Trade Center, NYC

65. Light Weight Steel Trusses and Decking Supported the Floors in the World Trade Center, NYC

66. Light Weight Steel Trusses and Decking Supported the Floors in the World Trade Center, NYC

67. Earthquake Damage, San Francisco, CA 1906

69. Mind the Gap

70. San Francisco, CA Earthquake 1906. Piles of Bricks are from Cornice Collapse

71. Earthquake Damage, San Francisco, CA