1. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.1 Component parts of a d.c. machine Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 1

2. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.2 Field coil construction (a) Shunt field coil Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 2

3. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.2 Field coil construction (b) Series field coil Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 3

4. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.2 Field coil construction (c) Compound field coil Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 4

5. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.3 Dismantled d.c. machine Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 5

6. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.4 Magnetic circuit in a d.c. machine Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 6

7. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.5 Armature laminations and slot shapes Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 7

8. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.6 Larger-size armature-core construction Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 8

9. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.7(a) Commutator construction Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 9

10. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.7(b) Commutator construction Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 10

11. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.8 Commutator connection methods Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 11

12. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.9 Brush gear assembly of a d.c. machine Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 12

13. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.10(a) Rectifying action of a commutator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 13

14. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.10(b) Rectifying action of a commutator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 14

15. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.10(c) Rectifying action of a commutator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 15

16. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.11 Resultant output from a multi-coiled d.c. armature Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 16

17. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.12 Separately-excited permanent-magnet generator characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 17

18. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.13 Circuit diagram of a separately-excited, wound-field generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 18

19. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.14(a) Separately-excited, wound- field generator characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 19

20. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.14(b) Separately-excited, wound- field generator characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 20

21. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.15 Shunt generator connections Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 21

22. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.16(a) Characteristic curves for a shunt generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 22

23. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.16(b) Characteristic curves for a shunt generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 23

24. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.17(a) Series generator connection and load characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 24

25. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.17(b) Series generator connection and load characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 25

26. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.18(a) Compound generator connection and load characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 26

27. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.18(b) Compound generator connection and load characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 27

28. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.19 Summary of the main points for all types of d.c. generators Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 28

29. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.20 ‘ Motor effect ’ produced by an electric current Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 29

30. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.21 Illustrating Fleming ’ s left-hand rule Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 30

31. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.22 Characteristic curves for a separately-excited motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 31

32. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.23 General constructional features of a printed circuit motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 32

33. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.24 Circuit for a separately- excited wound-field motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 33

34. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.25 Reversal of rotation for a motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 34

35. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.26 Shunt motor characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 35

36. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.27 Series motor characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 36

37. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.28 Compound motor characteristics Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 37

38. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.29 Summary of the main points for all types of d.c. motors Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 38

39. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.30 Generated voltage in a d.c. armature Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 39

40. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.31 Equivalent circuit of a shunt generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 40

41. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.32 Circuit for example 12.8 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 41

42. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.33 Losses in a generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 42

43. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.34 Equivalent circuit of a shunt motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 43

44. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.35 Losses in a motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 44

45. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.36 Circuit for example 12.10 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 45

46. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.37 Circuit for example 12.11 Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 46

47. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.38 Reversal of current flow during commutation Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 47

48. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.39 Magnetic fields in a d.c. armature Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 48

49. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.40 Field shift in a d.c. generator Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 49

50. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.41 Field shift in a d.c. motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 50

51. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.42 Compensating windings Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 51

52. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.43 Location of interpoles Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 52

53. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.44 Interpole connections Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 53

54. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.45 Basic servo-mechanism arrangement using a bridge circuit for obtaining an error voltage Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 54

55. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.46 Incremental control with a stepper motor (see Table 12.1, Position 7) Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 55

56. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.47 Principle of positional control. Note Position 1 is for the rotating magnet ’ s north pole to point to the top of the page Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 56

57. Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean Figure 12.48 Basic principles of the operation of a brushless d.c. motor Copyright  2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Electrical Principals for the Electrical Trades 5e by Jenneson Slides prepared by Anne McLean 57