1. Chapter 5
Interpreting Topographical Maps

2. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Topographical Map – shows the physical and human features in an area
in the form of symbols.

3. Using Grid References to Describe Locations
Interpreting Topographical Maps
Using Grid References to Describe Locations
northings
eastings

4. six-figure grid reference four-figure grid reference
Interpreting Topographical Maps
six-figure grid reference
- to find the exact location of a feature on a map
four-figure grid reference
- to locate the grid square of an area or a large feature on a map

5. 584326
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6. NW NE SW SE Interpreting Topographical Maps
Finding Directions in a Map
compass point on a map NW NE SW SE

7. Interpreting Topographical Maps

8. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Compass Bearings on a Map
compass point are useful only for finding
directions, to be more exact, we should measure
the direction in degrees

9. Interpreting Topographical Maps

10. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Measuring Distances on a Map
straight-line distance
curved distance

11. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Interpreting the Physical Environment shown on a Topographical Maps
Using contours to represent relief
contours are imaginary lines that joins places of the same height above sea level
close together contours = steep slopes
far apart contours = gentle slopes
very far apart = almost flat land (plain)

12. Interpreting Topographical Maps

13. Interpreting Topographical Maps

14. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Contour Patterns and Physical Features
hill – represented by circular contours
(less than 600 metres)

15. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Contour Patterns and Physical Features
mountain – represented by circular contours
(above 600 metres)

16. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Contour Patterns and Physical Features
valley – low area between hills or mountains

17. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Contour Patterns and Physical Features
plateau – upland area, has steep slopes and a
broad, flat top

18. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Contour Patterns and Physical Features
ridge – upland area that is long, narrow and
steep-sided

19. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Interpreting the Human Environment shown on a Topographical Maps
settlements – place where people live and carry out
activities such as farming, buying and
selling of goods

20. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Interpreting the Human Environment shown on a Topographical Maps
transport lines– refer to routes people use to travel
from one place to another

21. Interpreting Topographical Maps
Interpreting the Human Environment shown on a Topographical Maps
land use– refer to how the land is used in an area

22. Interpreting Topographical Maps

24. QUIZ