1. Classifying Living Things Chapter 1 Pages 28-29

2. Lesson 1 How Are Living Things Classified? Cute.. but SMELLY! Don’t bother this mother skunk and her young! If you do, you’ll be covered with an oily liquid whose bad smell will stay with you for a long time!  Page 30

3. Page 32 How many kinds of animals and plants would you see in a park or in the ocean? There are millions of different kinds of organisms in the world. An organism is a living thing. Scientists study organisms to find out how they live and then classify them into groups that are alike. There are many ways to group organisms. Organisms that live in the ocean may be grouped together. You might group living things by how they move.

4. Page 33 At first, scientists classified organisms by how they got their food. They put all living things into either the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom. Animals—move to get food. Plants—make their own food but can’t move. This way to classify worked for most living things, but not for all. For example, fungi can’t move, and they also can’t make food. So they became their own kingdom, the fungi kingdom.

5. Page 33 When microscopes were invented, scientists found organisms that had never been seen before. Organisms that cannot be seen with the eyes alone are microscopic. Most microscopic organisms have one cell, unlike plant and animal cells. These one-celled organisms are in the Bacteria & Protist kingdoms. Organisms are now classified by what their cells look like.

6. When Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms, Plants and Animals. But the use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells. A two or three-kingdom system was no longer useful. Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms. The Six Kingdoms: 1.Plantae (Plants) 2.Animalia (Animals) 3.Protista (Protists) 4.Fungi 5.Archaebacteria, 6.Eubacteria

7. The Six Kingdoms of Life BrainPOP Video

8. Page 34 Every part of you is made of cells. All cells have a cell membrane. Materials needed by the cell pass into the cell through the cell membrane. In the mitochondria, activities are carried out that release energy for the cell. The nucleus controls all functions of an organism. Sometimes called the “BRAIN” or “BOSS” Cells make new cells by dividing. All the material in a cell is split between two new cells. The cell to the right is an animal cell.

9. Page 35 Plant cells have all of the same parts as animal cells. However, they differ in some ways. Plant cells are surrounded by a stiff cell wall. Plant cells also have chloroplasts, where food is made. Bacteria cells have cell walls, as do plant cells, but bacteria cells do not have a nucleus.

10. Page 37 Bacteria are the most numerous organisms on Earth. Bacteria are commonly grouped by their shape. Some are rod-shaped Some are round Some are spiral-shaped Some bacteria live as individuals. Others cluster together in pairs or chains. Some colonies are large enough to be seen. Some bacteria cause disease. When you scrape your knee, bacteria may cause infection. So, it’s important to do what? Most bacteria are useful—help digest food and clean up oil spills.

11. Page 38 Protista (Protists) There are more than 80,000 kinds of protists. Algae and protozoans make up the protists. Algae are found in fresh and salt water everywhere in the world. Algae also grow on rocks and trees and in moist soil. Protozoans, like animals, hunt and gather food. They eat other protists and bacteria. The amoeba is a type of protozoan. The picture to the right shows 2 amoebas. One amoeba is eating an algae cell.