1. Do Now What is the field of view in mm and in um?
What would the Amoeba look like under high power?

2. Do Now
What is the approximate size of this cell? (what if 4 cells across?) (8 cells?)
What is the smallest unit of life? Why?
What would you do to center this image?  A B

3. DO NOW How do you create a wet mount? How would you add a stain/dye?
Explain what to do going from low to high power. What happens to your field of view?

4. Cells
Cells, Levels of Organization, Cell Theory, Plant Cell, Animal Cell, Organelles, Types of Organelles

5. What are they? What is LIFE made of?
Cells
What are they?
What is LIFE made of?

6. What is a Cell?
Living things might be made up of billions or trillions of cells. These are multicellular organisms.
A living thing may be made up of one cell. Just like this unicellular Amoeba.

7. The Cell Theory What Exactly are Cells
All cells carry on life functions
New cells arise from other living cells – not from nonliving matter
All life is made of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

8. Cell Theory Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU 33
Who came up with the term cell? What was he looking at under his microscope? 6

9. Exceptions to the Cell Theory
Viruses are not cells
They contain genetic material
But they need another cell to inject their genetic material into in order to reproduce
The first cell could not have arisen from a previously existing cell
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are cell organelles that contain their own genetic material. They can reproduce independently of the cell

10. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
You are completely made up of cells
According to National Geographic, you are made up of about 37.2 trillion cells (not counting microbes)!!
Cells are the smallest living structure that carries out life processes
Cells come together to make more complex structures…
Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms

12. How Big is a Cell Compared to Atoms, Tissues and Organs?

13. Levels of Organization
Atom
Molecule
Two or more atoms together
Organelle
Inside a cell
Cell
Tissue
Collection of similar cells
Organ
Collection of tissues joined to serve a common function
Organ System
Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task
Organism

16. Construct a Hierarchy of Organization
Cell
Organ
Molecule
Atom
Organism
Tissue
Organelle
Organ System

18. Recap
What is the Cell Theory? What are some exceptions?

19. Ok, We know how organelles, cells, tissues and organs are organized….
But what is all that stuff in cells that we mentioned? ORGANELLES

20. So what are Organelles?
Scientists observed many small structures located inside the cell called “ORGANELLES”
Organelles literally means “Little Organs”

21. So what are Organelles?
Organelles perform all the life functions that keep the cell alive
Just like our organs perform our life functions keeping us alive
We are a bunch of cells put together. So we share the same needs as cells.
Cells need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…
We need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…

22. Lets look at Organelles!

23. First there are 2 major Types of Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

24. Typical Animal Cell

25. Typical Plant Cell

26. The Nucleus The Director tells everyone on a movie set what to do
The nucleus is the command center
Nucleus directs the synthesis of proteins in the cell
Contains DNA (Genetic Material)
Nucleolus – nuclear organelle that makes ribosomes

27. The Mighty Mitochondria
I need energy to run a marathon!
I need energy to life all this weight!
Power house of cell
Site of aerobic cellular respiration
Where ATP (energy) is produced

28. Ribosomes Protein factory Site of protein synthesis
Example: a hormone (insulin)

29. Vacuole
Plant Cell Vacuole
Animal Vacuole
Vacuole = stores various materials such as water, wastes and food
What do you notice about plant vacuoles?

30. Centriole ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS Play a part in cell division
Cylinder shaped

31. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found ONLY in PLANT CELLS
They are the site of Photosynthesis (energy is made)
If you look at chloroplasts up close, they look like they have stacks of pancakes in them

32. Cell Wall Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS
Cell Wall Close Up
Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS
Gives plant cell its shape and used for protection
Plant cells have a plasma membrane and cell wall

33. Cell Membrane: Plasma Membrane
Selective Permeability:
Allows certain material to pass through the cell membrane only
In BOTH PLANT and ANIMAL cells

34. Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Breaks down cellular garbage
food vacuoles
waste vacuoles
damaged organelles

35. Golgi Apparatus Warehouse of the cell (like the UPS)
Flattened membrane sacks that package, store and release molecules to the outside of a cell

36. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Used to transport materials throughout the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - has ribosomes attached to its surface
Synthesizes proteins that will leave cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – no ribosomes attached to its surface
Synthesizes material for the inside the cell & cell membrane

37. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance that fills most of the cell
Mostly made of water
The “medium” or fluid between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

38. Let’s Compare Animal to Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells

39. Label the parts of the animal cell

40. Label the parts of the plant cell

41. Life Function – Organelle – Organ System

42. Does Every Cell Have Organelles?

43. Cell Categories

44. Prokaryotic Cells Pro = before karyon = nucleus Earliest type of cell
NO membrane bound NUCLEUS
NO membrane bound ORGANELLES
Relatively small ( 5 to 10 um)
Include all bacteria

45. Eukaryotic Cells Eu = “True” Karyon = “Nucleus”
HAS membrane bound NUCLEUS
HAS membrane bound ORGANELLES
Includes all plants, animals, fungi

46. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

47. Check Point
What is a cell? Cell Theory: Levels of organization: What is an organelle? Do all cells have organelles? Two major types of cells: