1. Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski William Mehnert

2. Overview Project Objectives Conceptual Design Q&A for Presentation 1 Technical Analysis Plan for Phase 3 Nugget Chart Conclusion

3. Project Objective Convert a gasoline engine to operate on E85 without sacrificing fuel consumption, increasing performance and reducing emissions Provide a control system unit to manage the engine

4. Conceptual Design ECM Exhaust Gases FFSFuel InjectorsIgnitionO2EGT

5. Q&A Presentation 1 Engine Cooling –No change to combustion chamber temperatures Materials –Engines have been manufactured to run on ethanol (E10) for over a decade

6. Areas for Technical Analysis Ignition Timing Explosion Limits Emissions Power/Torque

7. Ignition Timing Used to control power and chamber temperatures Typical Ignition timing ranges from 5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at higher RPMs Temperatures and power will be measured before and after the conversion to optimize timing

8. Ignition Timing

9. Explosion Limits Equations: –LEL =( P1 + P2 +... Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel2 +... Pn/leln) –UEL =( P1 + P2 +... Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel2 +... Pn/ueln) FuelLower LimitUpper Limit Gasoline1.47.6 Ethanol3.319

10. Explosion Limits LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74 UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5 Lambda –Measures fuel content in combustion chamber (AFR/AFR stoich ) –Typical range between.68 and 1.4 –Corresponding values based on explosion limits are.56 to 3.65 Fuel will combust

11. Emissions Although emissions can be theoretically calculated the process is extremely involved Emissions will be measured prior to conversion and after (without the use of a catalytic converter) based on EPA standards

12. Emissions Local Testing Procedure (IM240) –240 Seconds Test –Average Speed 30 MPH –Max Speed 56.7 MPH –Total of 2 Miles –Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time

13. Power/Torque Power Calculated from measured Torque –HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250 Torque optimized by changing timing Baseline and final torque will be measured on a chassis dynamometer

14. Power/Torque Sample affects of ignition timing Ignition Timing (Degree) Temperature (K) Work (J) Exerted Pressure (kPa) 0°2500203600 -5°2550214275 -10°2600225700 +5°2450183075 **Based on applet designed by Colorado State, http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html Timing adjusted, all other values held constant

15. Plan for Phase 3 Prototype –Ignition timing model –Fuel consumption model Plan –Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors –Test engine operation prior to conversion Purchase –Engine –ECM –Various Sensors –Dynamometer time

16. Nugget Chart

17. Conclusion With ignition timing, we will control the combustion in the cylinder chamber We will provide a kit that will enable someone to run on E85/gasoline blend

18. Thank you Any Questions?

19. Reference www.change2E85.com www.megasquirt.info www.flextek.com www.e85fuel.com www.eere.energy.gov www.diablosport.com www.e85vehicles.com www.e85prices.com www.aa1car.com http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=33615 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/explosive-concentration-limits-d_423.html http://www.allpar.com/fix/EPAMethods.html http://www.techedge.com.au/vehicle/wbo2/wblambda.htm Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel engine running on natural gas Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratio The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions

20. Chemical Equilibrium Gasoline –C 8 H 18 +12.5(O 2 +3.76N 2 )  CO 2 +3H 2 O+12.5(3.76N 2 ) Ethanol –C 2 H 5 OH+3(O 2 +3.76N 2 )  2CO 2 +3H 2 O+3(3.76N 2 )

21. Formulas Used