1. Chapter 14: Air Pollution and Environment Big Question: Why Is Air Pollution In Cities Still Such A Big Problem? Smog in Seattle, date unknown, but prior to Kingdome destruction in 2000. Source unknown.

2. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington A Brief History of Air Pollution

3. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington General Effects of Air Pollution Air pollution affects much of the environment. It is a significant factor in the death rate of many cities.

4. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Primary and Secondary Pollutants, Natural and Human Air pollutants occur either as gases or particulate matter. Primary air pollutants: emitted directly into the air. Secondary pollutants: reactions between primary pollutants and atmospheric compounds.

5. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Major Air Pollutants: Source and Effects Point source pollution in Beijing, ChinaFugitive source forest fire in eastern Washington, Unknown source

6. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Reduced Emissions

7. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Pollution in Developing Nations

8. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Reducing Urban Air Pollution at Its Source Keep pollutants from entering the atmosphere. Reduce, collect, capture, or retain pollutants.

9. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Automobiles

10. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Acid Rain Acid rain (precipitation with a pH below 5.6) is a global problem.

11. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Acid Rain Results from the Burning of Fossil Fuels

12. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Control of Acid Rain A struggle to find solutions for this problem. The real solution: decrease emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Switching from high-sulfur coal to low-sulfur coal Cleaning up high-sulfur coal by washing it Coal gasification: converting high-sulfur coal into a gas to remove the sulfur

13. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington “Scrubbers”

14. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Atmospheric Structure and the Ozone Shield

15. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Reducing Ozone Depletion: An Environmental Success Story The Montreal Protocol, September 1987 aimed at reducing global emissions of CFCs. Already, the increase in CFC emissions has slowed.

16. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Indoor Air Pollution “Coal miners’ disease” is a major health hazard for underground miners.

17. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Sources and Concentrations of Indoor Air Pollution

18. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Symptoms of Indoor Air Pollution

19. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Controlling Indoor Air Pollution Offering financial incentives. Air-conditioning isn’t a cure-all. Using a combination of strategies. Radon problems are often easy to fix. Education is important.

20. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington The Cost of Reducing Air Pollution Varies widely among industries The law of diminishing returns

21. Lesson 14 / ESRM 100 / University of Washington Air Pollution in the Future From: Keller&Law. 2007. Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts. Science 315:1537-1540.

22. Chapter 14: Air Pollution and Environment Questions? E-mail your TA. eschelp@uw.edu Smog in Seattle, date unknown, but prior to Kingdome destruction in 2000. Source unknown.