1. Concluding Comments Mike Goodchild University of California Santa Barbara

2. Defining the problem n Existence of roads –geometry –scale –centerline or double line –lanes n Attributes of roads –for georeferencing –for maintenance –for navigation n Network topology

3. Defining the problem (2) n Product-oriented –QA, updating –dissemination n Transaction-based –master version –gatekeeping –institutional arrangements –business model

4. Data acquisition Product Database User

5. Data modeling n Enterprise-wide –an integrated view of the enterprise –anticipating applications n Types of data models –essential –comprehensive –standard

6. Accuracy n Application-dependent n Often not well-defined n Truth in labeling –fitness for use –for every level of accuracy there exists at least one application for which that level is not adequate –benefits and costs –there is no one product that fits all

7. Context-dependence n The difficulty of the problem varies spatially –and temporally and with scale –trees, cars –cloud –geometric complexity of street network –surface discrimination –a map of CLEM difficulty

8. The role of the human n The human will never disappear from the process –but which human, and where in the process? n Chicken and egg –introducing IT to a human process where does IT add the most value? –introducing humans to an IT process where does the human add the most value?

9. The role of prior knowledge n Updating –new construction –conflation improved geometry corrected attributes –time-dependent attributes incidents construction –need an enterprise data model a weakness in UNETRANS?

10. The role of prior knowledge (2) n Predictive modeling –subdivision plans n Anticipating change –locating new subdivisions

11. Data acquisition n Remote sensing –universal coverage, open access –costly, cloud, 99% redundancy, time delays –airborne vs orbiting n Probes –GPS van –delivery services –emergency services –local government

12. Data acquisition schedules n Transaction-based –UK OS –10 5 organizations –potential collaborators –institutional scale n Project-based –trigger factors –project scale –deteriorating value –funding issues

13. Analogous problems n Line-following –image processing –vectorization –map scanning –fingerprints

14. New technologies n Data modeling n New applications –LBS n New sensors n New probes

16. Next steps n Sharing of information –web-based –meetings n Research –monitoring new technologies –conflation –remote sensing n ???