1. Moving And Rescuing Victims

2. Emergency Moves Pull victim in direction of long axis
Tug on clothing in the neck and shoulder area
Pull victim onto a blanket, then drag blanket
Consider your strength, protect back, remain stable

3. Drowning Wet Types: Water in lungs (85%) Dry Secondary
Absence of water
Due to larynospasm (voice box)
10%
Wet
Water in lungs (85%)
Secondary
Resuscitated but dies within 96 hours

4. Drowning Prevention Wear life vests Make wise decisions around water
Even good swimmers get in trouble
Never swim alone
Know your capabilities
Know the body of water

5. Drowning Prevention #2 Keep pools fenced Gates locked
Monitor small children
Wear life jacket

6. Someone is in obvious trouble in a nearby body of water
Someone is in obvious trouble in a nearby body of water. What would you do?

7. Reach / Wade /Throw /Row / Go

8. Reach Simplest way to rescue Safest
Secure your footing or have a bystander grab your belt or pants
Reach out to the victim with a gaff, pole, stick, ladder or other object

9. Wade
Wade out into shallow water to aid in the “reach” process

10. Throw
Throw anything that floats: flotation device, empty fuel cans, plastic containers, cushions, short pieces of wood
(Hopefully you have a rope to tie to the thrown object)

11. Row
Row out on a sailboard, boogie board, rowboat, canoe, ski, or other
Requires skill gained through practice
Is safer than a swimming rescue
Pull victim in over the back of the boat, never the side

12. Go Swimming rescue Difficult and hazardous
Requires skill, training, excellent physical condition
Victim and rescuer often die

13. Now that the victim is rescued, what should you do?
If victim was diving, suspect spinal cord injury
Keep victim “in-line” floating unless CPR is required
Check ABC’s – not breathing? Give CPR
No spinal cord injury suspected, place on side to allow fluids to drain from airway
All drowning victims should be seen by a physician

14. Cold Water Immersion may lead to Hypothermia (70 degree water or less)
Heat loss in 25 times faster in water than exposure to cold air
Titanic deaths primarily due to hypothermia
(2 hours before help arrived)
Should you swim or tread water or huddle (p.417)?
First aid? Same as for drowning victims EXCEPT: Continue CPR longer than 30 minutes

15. After The Rescue All rescued victims should be seen by a physician
Protect yourself and the victim from cold
Dry clothing
Give CPR if necessary
Do not start CPR if submerged > 60 minutes
All rescued victims should be seen by a physician

16. Ice Rescue: High Risk
Extend a pole or floatable object with a rope attached
Form human chain??
Lie flat, push a ladder, plank, or tire (secured with a rope) out ahead of yourself
Stay off frozen bodies of water

17. At The Beach
Watch for posted warning flags
Rip tide
Undertow

18. Confined Spaces
Tanks
Vats
Silos
Bins
Trenches
Pits

19. Confined Spaces: What To Do
Immediately call for help
Do not rush in to help
If you are the attendant:
Do not enter the confined space unless:
You are relieved by another attendant
You are part of the rescue team
When help arrives, try to rescue without entering the space
If space must be entered, allow trained and equipped rescuers to enter (harnesses)
Give first aid, rescue breathing, CPR

20. Triage (Multiple Victims)
To sort or prioritize victims
Goal: greatest good for the greatest number of victims
Survey the scene
Call EMS
Decide who is to be cared for and transported first

21. Triage: Classifying Victims
1) Immediate care
Life-threatening injuries but can be saved
2) Urgent care
Victim does not fit in category 1 or 3
3) Delayed care
Minor injuries, can be delayed up to 3 hours
4) Dead

22. A brick surface near the top of Twin Towers has fallen and many students have been injured. You have surveyed the scene and called Now, what should you do?

23. What To Do? You are the “take charge” person
Recruit the help of bystanders
Tell all who can “get up and walk” to move to a designated location (delayed priority)
Go to motionless victims first CONTROVERSIAL (move rapidly – no more than 60 seconds per person)
Re-asses victims regularly
Organized chaos

24. Behavorial Emergencies: 21 Childbirth: 20