1. SVM (Support Vector Machines) Base on statistical learning theory choose the kernel before the learning process

2. Recent applications of SVM Pattern recognition Isolated handwritten digit recognition Object recognition Speaker identification Regression estimation

3. Idea of SVM in Pattern Classification The support vector algorithm simply looks for largest margin. d+ (d-) is the shortest distance from the separating plane to the closest positive (negative) point. ( d+ == d- ) Margin equal to d+ plus d-

4. For these machines, the support vectors are the critical elements of the training set. If other training points are removed, and the training was repeated, the same separating hyper plane would be found.

5. A general two-class pattern classification problem sample point (x1,y1), (x2,y2) ….. (xi, yi) X is the vector of the point Y is the class label For example, in two-class pattern classification Y = { +1, -1 } Find a classifier with the decision function f(x) such that y = f(x)

6. Linear Support Vector Machine w is the normal of hyper-plane |b| / ||w|| is the perpendicular distance from the hyper-plane to the origin decision function is f(x) = w*x + b = 0 Notice that there is ambiguity in the magnitude of w and b. They can be arbitrary scaled such that : H1 = x*w + b = 1, H2 = x*w + b = -1 d+ = d- = 1/ / ||w||, so, margin = d+ + d- = 2/ ||w|| This optimization problem is solved using the Lagrangian formulation.

7. decision function Simple dot product Polynomial Radius base function

8. Demo http://svm.dcs.rhbnc.ac.uk/pagesnew/GPat.shtml

9. Don ’ t understand ! According to the Empirical Risk Minimisation algorithm, the classifier with the largest margin will give lower expected risk, i.e. better generalisation VC dimension