1. Soft Field Takeoff and Landing

2. Soft Field Takeoff w Before landing, will you be able to take off? w Complex and high performance aircraft often have poor handling characteristics

3. Soft Field Takeoff w Damage or extra wear on the aircraft w Debris for winds w Birds or animals in wheel wells or cowling w Vandalism

4. Soft Field Takeoff w Walk the taxi route and takeoff runway w Mark soft or wet spots w Determine your takeoff abort point 75% of V R by halfway point on the runway

5. Soft Field Takeoff w Move the aircraft before getting in for it may have settled into the ground

6. Soft Field Takeoff w Objective - Exhibit your knowledge of the elements related to a soft field takeoff Get airborne as soon as possible Transfer as much weight as possible to the wings to minimize wheel friction

7. Soft Field Takeoff w Position the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions to maximize lift as quickly as possible

8. Soft Field Takeoff Verify wind direction If there is a crosswind use full aileron deflection at the start of the takeoff roll Full back pressure to remove stress from the nosewheel and minimize rolling resistance

9. Soft Field Takeoff Visually check the flap setting w Clear the area, taxi onto the takeoff surface at a safe speed, align your airplane and without stopping advance the throttle

10. Soft Field Takeoff Before taxing on the runway clear the traffic pattern and runway Check mixture and prop set at high RPM

11. Soft Field Takeoff Keep the plane rolling - Mud may require more power to taxi - Watch your Propeller blast Watch for debris being sucked into the propeller

12. Soft Field Takeoff After aligning with the runway apply power smoothly - too quick can cause surging or or overboost of a turbocharged engine Applying power too slowly wastes runway

13. Soft Field Takeoff Monitor the engine instruments listening for and indication of power loss or roughness Abort if there is any indication of trouble Check that the airspeed indicator is alive

14. Soft Field Takeoff w Establish a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the airplane from wheels to wing

15. Soft Field Takeoff w Back pressure should be applied to establish a positive angle of attack which will reduce weight on the nose wheel and create lift to transfer weight from the the wheels to the wings

16. Soft Field Takeoff As speed increases decrease the back pressure to avoid excessive angle of attack w Remain in ground effect after takeoff while accelerating to V X or V Y as required

17. Soft Field Takeoff Ground effect should cause the aircraft to become airborne below stall speed

18. Soft Field Takeoff Failure to lower the nose will cause the aircraft to climb out at too slow an airspeed and the increase in drag could cause the aircraft to settle back to the runway

19. Soft Field Takeoff Lowering the nose too much can cause you to fly back down to the runway With the proper level off you will accelerate to V X if there are obstacle present or V Y ir there are no obstacles

20. Soft Field Takeoff w Maintain V Y =5/-5 kts w Retract the landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb or as specified by the manufacturer

21. Soft Field Takeoff Before retracting the landing gear apply the brakes to stop the rotation of the tires Follow the POH on retraction of the gear Normally the gear will be retracted before the flaps

22. Soft Field Takeoff Flaps are normally retracted after you have established V Y and a positive rate of climb Raise the flaps in increments if appropriate to avoid sudden loss of lift and settling of the airplane Pitch for V Y

23. Soft Field Takeoff w Maintain a takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude then set climb power At 500 reduce power to 25 MP and 2500 RPM At 300 below TPA reduce power to 23 MP

24. Soft Field Takeoff w Maintain directional control and proper wind drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb w Complete the appropriate checklist

25. Common Errors w Improper initial positioning of the flight controls or wing flaps w Allowing the airplane to stop on the takeoff surface prior to initiating takeoff w Improper power application

26. Common Errors w Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle w Poor directional control

27. Common Errors w Improper use of brakes w Improper pitch attitude during liftoff Dragging tail of aircraft on ground

28. Common Errors Settling back to the runway because of too high or too low a pitch attitude w Failure to establish and maintain proper climb configuration and airspeed w Drift during climbout

29. Soft Field Landing w Objective - exhibit your knowledge of the elements related to a soft field landing Similar to a normal approach but hold the aircraft off the runway and land with partial power

30. Soft Field Landing Gradually transfer the weight of the aircraft from the wings to the wheels Follow the POH

31. Soft Field Landing w Consider the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions Effects of the wind on landing distance may be significant

32. Soft Field Landing If the surface is soft and there is a crosswind consider the impact of one main wheel touching down before the other Be aware of hazards and obstructions

33. Soft Field Landing The descent angle may have to be steep is obstacles are present w Select the most suitable touchdown point Identify it to the examiner After selecting the touchdown point select your aim point

34. Soft Field Landing Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and adjust pitch and power as required Use of flaps will aid touching down at minimum speed

35. Soft Field Landing Flaps in low wing aircraft may suffer damage from mud, stones, or slush thrown up by the wheels w Maintain a stabilized approach and the recommended airspeed with a gust factor applied +5/-5 kts

36. Soft Field Landing Use partial power during the roundout and touchdown Do not allow the aircraft to fall through

37. Soft Field Landing w Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing w Touch down softly, with no drift, and with the longitudinal axis aligned with the runway

38. Soft Field Landing Maintain some power to assist in making a soft touchdown Hold it off to slow airspeed and establish a nose high pitch attitude

39. Soft Field Landing After touchdown maintain back pressure to keep the nose wheel off the ground Maintain full back pressure w Maintain after landing proper position of the flight controls and taxi speed

40. Soft Field Landing Maintain full back pressure Brakes are usually not needed Maintain speed so you do not bog down Use power as needed Do not taxi too fast

41. Soft Field Landing Keep moving until you reach the parking area w Complete the appropriate checklist

42. Common Errors w Improper use of landing performance data and limitations w Failure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence

43. Common Errors w Failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach w Failure to consider the effect of wind and landing surface

44. Common Errors w Improper technique in use of power, wing flaps and trim w Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle w Improper technique during roundout and touchdown

45. Common Errors w Failure to hold back elevator pressure after touchdown w Closing the throttle too soon after touchdown

46. Common Errors w Poor directional control after touchdown w Improper use of brakes