1. Fertility (within and across cohorts)  What is available over time?  Longitudinal perspectives  Complimentary analytical inputs and outputs  How to approach using the data  Causes and Caveats  Men and women  Methodological comparative strengths

2. Focus: Male Fertility  What is available over time?  Longitudinal perspectives  Caveats/Constraints  Methodological comparative strengths

3. The Fertility Questions :  Variations in wording and depth across cohorts.  More recent data is more comprehensive!  When possible use “created variables”– save yourself lots of work!  For the 1979 cohort – created longitudinal fertility and relationship rosters linking individuals over time for men and women  For the 1997 cohort—more depth: for the Young Adults, more history  cohorts compliment each other.

4. Selected Unique Features (e.g. 1979 cohort and children)  Interviewed – again and again and again and again…and again  Siblings (and cousins!)  Enhancement through pooling (but with care!)  Cross-Generational possibilities  Large minority samples (Black & Hispanic 79 & 97)  Linking actual and expectations  For YA – increasing representation over time!

5. 1979 Male Cohort 1) a) Some early gaps because cohort is 14-21 at beginning (born 1958-1964) b) Live birth history from 1979 on c) Data cleanup suggests that quality is “reasonable” – more for numbers born than dates of birth. d) Can be linked closely with full range of family employment, other related transitions, and activities. e) As of 2004, youngest respondent is now almost 40, and virtually all of their lifetime fertility up to that point is within survey years! f) Large sample, including Hispanic and African-American oversamples! g) Created variables 2) Cohort bound! 3) Siblings

6. 1979 Young-Adult Male Cohort 1)Encompasses all of the male children of the 1979 female respondents who had have attained age 15. 2) Since 1994, we have interviewed biennially. Complete birth records related information such as family planning, wantedness, age at first intercourse, relationship information, etc. 3) Created variables for cumulative fertility. 4) Full range of complementary events. 5) Sample grows, and becomes more representative, with every survey round!

7. 1979 Young-Adult Male Cohort (continued) 6) Originally more “selected out” as children of younger mothers; now increasing representative. 7) Also cohort bound—their mothers born between 1958 and 1964. 8) Currently collected information for: (a)young adult lifetime (b) mothers since 1979 when they were 14-21 (born 1958-1964)

8. Mom age at birth by YA age in survey year 1994 to 2002 Survey year mom age range at birthya age range 1994<20<21 1996<22<23 1998<19<21* 2000<26<27 2002<28<29 2004<30<31 2006<32<33 * data collection truncated

9. in NLSY79 Two Selected YA/Child Birth Cohorts

10. Male half of 1997 cohort 1)Currently useful for adolescent fertility research: in 2004 cohort was 19 to 23. 2) cohort bound without replacement (this is true for all cohorts) 3) comprehensive fertility/relationship history for survey years; more comprehensive than other cohorts. 4) Methodologically strong, with more detailed event history.

11. Quality of Male Fertility 1)Intense male intergenerational evaluation (report available) 2)“Confident” about 92% of reported births 3)Misresponse can be intentional (relating to relationship history) or unintentional (e.g. male not present) 4)Most reports at younger ages, less educated, for those with larger families 5)For event history research, misdating is bigger problem

12. Table 1. Distribution of Confidence Level for Selected Relationship Patterns, 1979 to 1998 (Unweighted, NLSY79) Paternity Likely ( Code 1 or 2) Paternity Unclear (Code 3) Paternity Not Likely (Code 4 or 5) N Dad present at birth (1979-1998) 97.30.72.06819 Child always present 96.00.83.25282 Child has one entry or one exit 90.12.97.01792 Child has multiple entries and exits 89.02.38.7345 Child never present in home 82.115.03.01216 Child has one entry and one exit 82.05.112.9606 Dad not present at birth 81.49.98.71742 Child appears belatedly on fertility roster 51.726.821.6486

14. Following Youth Through Later Adolescence/Early Adulthood Young Women14-17 (1968)  24-27 (1978)10 years NLSY79 (M&F)14-17 (1979)  24-27 (1989)10 years NLSY-YA (M&F)14-17 (1994 onward)  24-27 (2004)10 years NLSY97 (M&F)14-17 (1997)  21-24 (2004)7 years

15. For women

16. Table 4. Comparing Cumulative Survey Point and Event History Statistics (NLSY97) % ever married by age % ever cohabited by age % ever mar or cohab by age Event History Report Survey Point Cumulation Event History Report Survey Point Cumulation Event History Report Survey Point Cumulation 18 and over (total) 4.3 15.410.717.713.9 20-227.27.122.315.52620.7 192.12.210.98.112.110 180.4 5.72.96.13.4

19. Note: Includes selected variables drawn from multivariate analysis Reference groups= college attendance

20. Table 5. Fertility Summary for NLSY Men Age 14-17 in 1979 (and 33-36 in 1998) (NLSY79 weighted estimates) % Ever Father % with 2+ Children Mean No. of Children 198519901998198519901998198519901998 Total15.842.368.93.520.048.00.200.691.42 White12.638.667.02.517.347.10.160.601.35 African American 28.957.975.47.229.149.20.381.021.64 Hispanic26.556.979.47.334.457.10.361.071.82

22.  With 1979, Longer term employment, relationships/family/income can be followed through 2004!