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Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 4 Developing Person James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers
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Developing Person Developmental Psychology Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive & social change throughout life span
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Infancy & Childhood: Cognitive Development Cognition All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering & communicating Schema Framework that organizes & interprets info
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Infancy & Childhood: Cognitive Development Assimilation Interpreting new experience in terms of existing schemas Accommodation Adapting current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new info
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Typical Age Range Description of Stage Developmental Phenomena Birth to nearly 2 yearsSensorimotor Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing) Object permanence Stranger anxiety About 2 to 6 years About 7 to 11 years About 12 through adulthood Preoperational Representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning Pretend play Egocentrism Language development Concrete operational Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations Conservation Mathematical transformations Formal operational Abstract reasoning Abstract logic Potential for moral reasoning Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
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Social Development Attachment (origins & effects) Body contact Harlow’s experiments with monkeys Familiarity Critical period Imprinting Mere exposure effect – phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them (p569)
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Social Development: Child-Rearing Practices Authoritarian Impose rules, expect obedience Permissive Submit to children’s desires, make few demands, use little punishment Authoritative Both demanding & responsive Set rules, but explain reasons, encourage open discussion
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Adolescence Adolescence Transition period from childhood to adulthood From puberty to independence Puberty Period of sexual maturation Become capable of reproduction
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Adolescence Primary Sex Characteristics Body structures that make sexual reproduction possible Female--ovaries Male--testes External genitalia Secondary Sex Characteristics Non-reproductive sexual characteristics Female--breast & hips Male--voice quality & body hair Menarche 1st menstrual period
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