1. Space-related aspects of an ageing society Space-related aspects of an ageing society Elke Goltz and Karl Martin Born Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geography goltz@geog.fu-berlin.degoltz@geog.fu-berlin.de / kmborn@geog.fu-berlin.de

2. 2 Socio-demographic aspects Socio-economic aspects aspects of administration Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06 Structure The ageing society Spatial differences and importance for further regional development

3. 3 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3. Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Some statistics Number of people with an age of 65 and older has increased: + 13,4% (1995-2002) East Germany: + 16,6% / West Germany: + 12,6% Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

4. 4 Development of population 1997-2003 (%) 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related perspectives First level of Discussion Contrasts between East and West Germany Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

5. 5 Space-related perspectives 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastrukture 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Second point of Discussion Contrasts between Centre and peripheral areas * Average in East Germany: 17,9% Percentage of people over 64 years of all inhabitants (2002) * Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

6. 6 Space-related perspectives 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Second point of Discussion Contrasts between Centre and peripheral areas Percentage of people over 64 years of all inhabitants (2002) * * Average in East Germany: 17,9% Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

7. 7 adjustments of infrastructure to an ageing and shrinking society adjustments of elderly people to their environments in urban, suburban and rural areas Strategies of public and private decision- makers in different spatial settings Space-related questions 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

8. 8 Recording of the living conditions of elderly people in different geographical settings standardised questionaire, 33 questions 271 interviewed people (age 65 and older): –88 in Berlin (urban) –75 in suburban communities –108 in peripheral rural communities Interviews with experts: politicians, public and private services, nursing staff in home for the aged etc. Design of the study 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations

9. 9 Research areas 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastrukture 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations rural suburban urban data Lenzen- Elbtalaue Briese- lang Berlin- Pankow Berlin- Zehlendorf Population density (inhabitants/km 2 ) 25151 7.2154.137 Percentage of people with an age of 65 and older (%) a – 2002 21,715,8 16,320,4 Life expectancy Men / women (years) b - 2002 72,5 / 79,873,9 / 80,7 75,6 / 81,575,3 / 80,6 Migration saldo für the age 65+ (1994/95-2002) a / 1.000 people + 2,6+ 9,5 - 9,0+ 8,0 Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

10. 10 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infra- structure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Urban area - Daily needs Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

11. 11 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infra- structure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Urban area - Social-medical care

12. 12 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infra- structure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Suburban area – Daily needs / medical care

13. 13 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infra- structure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Peripheral rural areas – Daily needs / medical care Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

14. 14 Spatial mobility - motives In addtion to the daily needs 4 main acitivities outside the place of residence can be observed Differences between the areas  urban/suburban: more for leisure activities  rural: more for extended daily needs Source: Own survey 2005 Activityallurbansuburbanrural people could mention more than one activity * valid cases Abs% *Abs.%*Abs.%*Abs% * Social contacts12048,24250,03454,04443,1 Shopping or use of services8534,11315,52438,14847,4 See the doctor (Specialist)6325,31517,91015,93837,3 Hobby6024,12428,61930,21716,7 Others187,267,146,387,8 Interviewed, who mentioned at least one activity 2498463102 All interviewed people2718875108 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

15. 15 Ranges of activities Kinds of transportation Range: 42% of interviewed: up to 30 minutes, 24% 30-60 min away from own flat urban suburbanrural On foot bicycle Support through sombody other car Public transport No answer Elke Goltz Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations

16. 16 General Satisfaction by… 110 1 Settlement pattern Type of housing ownertenant rural urban suburban 110 60 + Under 30 Period of living (years) 30 -< 60 N = 271 Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastrukture 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations

17. 17 Evaluation of the place of residence N = 209 N = 137 positive aspects negative aspects 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastrukture 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

18. 18 Social contacts / Integration 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations personal contacts in the neighbourhood Helping each other in the neighbourhood Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

19. 19 Social contacts / Integration 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06 Potential networks within the family or outside the family (measured by nearness to place of residence)

20. 20 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Type of settle- ment politicsSocial-medical careservices Publicprivate Urban Suburban rural „Ageing society“ – ranges of acting  Spatial differences   Policy-comparison  Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

21. 21 Ageing society – perception by experts Perceptions differ by tasks and sector (private or public) Seldom Perception of the phenomenon as a complex process; mostly sectoral thinking Economic interest dominant Often only reaction (instead of activism) 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

22. 22 networks 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Networks could solve problems of supply and social-medical care for elderly people Spatial differentiation: –Rural areas: family –urban areas: work by volumteers and „young“ elderly –Suburban: overlapping of generations

23. 23 Evaluation 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Conflicts between experts because of customerized focus Too much focus on indivual initiatives and self-organisation demand for networks but little support through politics and administration

24. 24 Results 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Significant spatial differences in infrastructure differentiation of the elderly and their patterns of activities by individuals instead of settlement patterns Spatial differentiation of the actions by experts Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

25. 25 Recommendations 1. Introduction and space- related questions 2. design of the study 3.Differences in infrastructure 4. Elderly people Spatial mobility Satisfaction Social networks 5. Experts perception networks evaluation 6.results and recommen- dations Importance of specific local circumstances Specific ways of solving problems: –Regional –locally Recognition of the problem of ageing Development of strategies for the future Implementation of more efficient forms of medical and social assistance Space-related aspects of an ageing society Liverpool - 20.06.06

26. Space-related aspects of an ageing society Space-related aspects of an ageing society THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Elke Goltz and Karl Martin Born Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geography goltz@geog.fu-berlin.degoltz@geog.fu-berlin.de / kmborn@geog.fu-berlin.de