1. Oregon State University Academic Center of Excellence Workshop Thermal Fluids and Heat Transfer at the INL Dr. James R. Wolf, Manager Thermal Fluids & Heat Transfer Dept. September 19, 2005

2. Outline Collaboration between INL and the Thermal Hydraulic Academic Center of Excellence Very High Temperature Reactor INL Thermal hydraulic Capabilities and Programs Summary

3. DOE’s Nuclear Energy Program Increase the Productivity of Currently-Installed US Nuclear Power Plants Minimize the Risks and Stimulate New Construction of Generation III Nuclear Power Plants (NP-2010) Develop and Demonstrate Next-Generation Advanced Rector Systems (Generation IV, Nuclear Hydrogen) Develop and Demonstrate Advanced, Proliferation- Resistant, Fuel Cycle Technology to Support a Future Secretarial Decision on US Long-Term Waste Disposition Policy Support a Healthy University and Laboratory Educational and Research Infrastructure to Ensure the Long-Term Supply of Trained Nuclear Professionals and Advanced Technology.

4. Need for Collaboration Limited resources require close collaboration between Universities and the INL –Capital –Intellectual –Personnel Existing resources must be leveraged in the most efficient and effective manner possible. –Government –Industry –University

5. Academic Centers of Excellence Battelle Energy Alliance (BEA) has chosen to implement DOE’s support through a number of different programs –The Academic Centers of Excellence (ACE). Oregon State University is the thermal hydraulics ACE –University Nuclear Energy Research Initiatives Programs (UNERI) –International Nuclear Energy Research Initiatives (INERI) –Nuclear Engineering Education Research Program (NEER) –INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Programs (LDRD) University and INL partnerships are a key part of the Laboratory and DOE’s future nuclear strategy

6. University Collaborations Each organization has its own strengths that must be emphasized and capitalized on in future collaborations Where there is value added, joint INL/University funding proposals to government and private organizations will provide a synergistic benefit to – Expand current INL programs and scope VHTR Other Gen IV concepts LDRD –Jointly secure new scope and funding Nuclear industry vendors and utilities UNERI and NEER proposals Other DOE program funding Other government agency funding INL involvement in University contracts and projects

7. University Collaborations (cont.) Joint university and INL collaboration makes a powerful team for winning competitive solicitations.

8. Thermal Hydraulic Areas of Emphasis at INL Advanced reactor methods development and applications Nuclear reactor system safety code development and applications Other analytical thermal hydraulic programs Experimental studies

9. VHTR R&D Plan National Energy Policy divides the VHTR into two phases –Phase 1, now through 2011 when vendor designs are submitted –Phase 2, 2011 through 2021 covers actual design and construction of selected concept An R&D Program Plan encompassing validation, experiments, and further code development has been developed –R&D Plan looks several years into the future –Budgets fluid –Plan and budgets includes both thermal hydraulics and neutronic methods development activities

10. Thermal Hydraulic Aspects of the R&D Plan The foundation for a thermal-hydraulic systems analysis capability directed specifically toward the VHTR has been under development for three years at the INEEL. This has resulted in the coupled RELAP5- 3D/FLUENT code. RELAP5-3D provides a system-wide analysis capability and FLUENT provides the CFD capability. While the basic physical models in RELAP5-3D have been extensively validated for light water reactors, its applicability to the VHTR design must be demonstrated.

11. RELAP5-3D Modeling Features Single or two-phase flow 1-, 2-, or 3- dimensional flow networks Reactor kinetics – 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional nodal kinetics model Heat Transfer – conduction, convection, radiation Components – pump, compressor, turbine, valves, phase- separators, accumulators, jet-mixers, and pressurizers Process models – critical flow, abrupt area change, form loss, phase separation at tees Control systems Graphical user interface Multiple fluids Coupling capability to other codes such as CFD through the PVM Executive

12. RELAP5-3D Working Fluids Heavy water Hydrogen Carbon Dioxide Helium Nitrogen Lithium Light water Molten Salt HeXe Sodium Potassium Lead-Bismuth NaK Lithium-Lead Ammonia SCW Different fluids can exist in thermally-coupled loops

13. Core Upper Plenum Lower Plenum Balance Of Plant FLUENT model RELAP5-3D model RELAP5-3D Coupled to FLUENT For Detailed Analysis of Lower Plenum Flow Patterns

14. GT MHTGR Fluent Calculation

15. GEN IV Advanced Reactor Concepts Supported at INL Very High Temperature Gas Reactor Super Critical Water Reactor Molten Salt Gas Fast Reactor Liquid Metal

16. Other INL Thermal Hydraulic Analytical Programs Basic RELAP5-3D Code Development and Applications Development of a Super Critical Carbon Dioxide Bray ton Cycle: Improving PBR Efficiency and Materials testing capability (NERI) Development of Safety Analysis Codes and Experimental Validation for a Very High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (K- INERI) Advanced Computational Thermal Fluid Physics Assessments (K- INERI) RELAP5 Appendix K Development (INER Taiwan) Maple Reactor Analysis ATR Gas Test Loop International RELAP5 Users Group LDRD programs with Oregon State University and MIT

17. Experimental Activities Matched Index of Refraction Flow Loop used for VHTR Studies May St. Thermal Sciences laboratory –High temperature oxide fuel cell testing for hydrogen production –Enhanced heat transfer studies using nano particles

18. MIR Lower Plenum Test Section Lower plenum experimental design completed for mixed- index of refraction (MIR) experiment

19. High Temperature Electrolysis

20. A Six-Cell High Temperature Electrolysis Stack Operated at 850  C Under Test for >1100 Hours Produced 32 Normal Liters/Hour at Nearly 45% Net Efficiency

21. Summary INL involved in a wide range of thermal hydraulic related programs and activities In today’s climate, collaboration between INL universities and industry through organizations such as the Oregon State Academic Center of Excellence is a necessity Numerous possibilities for collaboration on INL and university programs