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Naval Research Laboratory June 1, 2001 Electra title page A Repetitively Pulsed, High Energy, Krypton Fluoride Laser Electra Presented by John Sethian.

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Presentation on theme: "Naval Research Laboratory June 1, 2001 Electra title page A Repetitively Pulsed, High Energy, Krypton Fluoride Laser Electra Presented by John Sethian."— Presentation transcript:

1 Naval Research Laboratory June 1, 2001 Electra title page A Repetitively Pulsed, High Energy, Krypton Fluoride Laser Electra Presented by John Sethian NRL M. Friedman M. Myers S. Obenschain R. Lehmberg J. Giuliani P. Kepple JAYCOR S. Swanekamp Commonwealth Tech F. Hegeler Pulse Sciences, Inc D. Weidenheimer

2 Topics this time Laser Gas Recirculator Laser Input Output Optics Laser Kinetics Advanced Pulsed Power System (D. Weidenheimer, Titan PSI) Foil Support (Hibachi) Amplifier Window Cathode

3 We have looked at 18 types of cathodes/materials “You have to kiss a lot of frogs to find a prince” Norman Rostoker Cathode workshop on May 10 at NRL held by F. Hegeler The best so far Dielectric Fiber -Double Velvet -Other Velvets -Glass Carbon -Fiber -Cloth -Foam 100 ppi -Foam 500 ppi -Flock -2% (ESLI) Metal/Dielectric -Ceramic/Honeycomb -Metal/ceramic surface flashover -RHEPP -Fine scale RHEPP Patched Cathodes -Silicon Carbide -Carbon/Carbon Fiber -Diamond-like Carbon CsI Coated Patches -Double Velvet -Carbon/Carbon ESLI -Silicon Carbide

4 We evaluate cathodes for turn on, uniformity, gap closure and durability -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 020406080 normalized diode current time (nsec) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 time (20 nsec/div) normalized diode impedance Diode current Normalized @ t =100 nsec Double Velvet Carbon Flock (2%) Carbon Fiber RHEPP

5 We are developing the emitter & hibachi as a single system Baseline Design: Pattern emitter to miss hibachi ribs Flow water through ribs for cooling Step 1: 1-D Energy deposition profile shows 78.6%deposited in gas @ 500 keV Laser Gas Water cooled rib Laser Gas Kr + Ar 1.33 atm Emitter Vacuum.01”Ti Foil Foil loading  0.9 W/cm 2 e-beam 1. Transmission 2. Foil cooling 3. Pattern the beam (to miss the ribs) 4. Ribs provide a electrically flat anode 5. Beam uniformly pumps laser gas 84% at 700 keV e-beam

6 Step 2: CFD analysis of foil shows foil cooling ok with uniform e-beam distribution… but needs work for e-beam in strips (2 x current density) Solutions: Decrease rise and fall of beam, Better T c materials Higher allowable temp and…. experimental verification Uniform e-beam Max foil temp: 627  F “Strips” e-beam Max foil temp: 990  F Measured e-beam heat loading used as input Would like Ti foil < 650  F

7 Step 3: We can pattern the electron beam Radiachromic Film at anode (5 X Mag) PATCH CATHODE (3 cm x 3 cm) STRIP CATHODE (3 cm x 1 cm) Actual cathode has finer spacing and some sections removed

8 Step 4: Close spaced ribs may be an “electrically flat” anode Rib Uniform Emitter Vac.01”Ti Foil e-beam 1 atm air No Anode Foil 0 10 20 30 Amps/cm 2 Radiachromic Film after hibachi foil (“X”) Rib Uniform Emitter Vac.01”Ti Foil 1 atm air e-beam X 1 cm/div With Anode Foil 1 mm Wide Band Ribs can be a ferritic material ! X 0 10 20 30 Amps/cm 2 1 cm/div Band Out

9 Step 5: This hibachi configuration should allow the beam to uniformly pump laser gas 0 5 10 Amps/cm 2 Y Radiachromic Film 1 “ after hibachi foil (“Y”) 0.5 cm/div 1 mm Wide Band Rib Uniform Emitter Vac.01”Ti Foil 1 atm air e-beam Diagnostic Film located 2.5 cm after foil. Beam propagates through full density air With Anode Foil Scattering length will decrease with: Higher Z of laser gas as scattering goes as Z 2 (Kr = 36, air = 7) Possible use of higher Z foils

10 We are evaluating “HAVAR” as a hibachi foil material HAVAR: (Co 42 / Cr 20 / Ni 13 / W 2.7 / Mo 2.2 / Mn 1.6 / C.2 / Fe 19.1 ) Specifications, Compared to Ti: TiHAVAR Density4.5 8.3 Tensile strength (MPa)460 1860 Thermal Cond (W/m-  K)22 15 Z eff 22 39 Chemical resistancegood Ex* Melting temp (  C)1660 1480 248 nm reflectivity @ 80  (angle)- after exposure to F 2 (lower reflectivity reduces ASE) Ti > 0.3 HAVAR: TBD Burst Strength: Our measurements: * Fluorine resistance undocumented TiHAVAR 248 nm refectivity (exp to F 2 )**>0.3 TBD Burst Test 1 mil foil (no exp)5001100 psi Burst Test 1 mil foil (no exp)1100 TBD Burst test 2 mil foil (exp to F 2 )1100 TBD ** lower reflectivity reduces losses (ASE)

11 Doug Weidenheimer Titan-PSI on Advanced Pulsed Power for Electra

12 Summary of progress since last meeting Ultimate cathode is still elusive, but have candidates New Baseline Hibachi design looks good so far, Needs more testing Advanced Pulsed Power program developing components Identified three systems that can meet requirements Started component development Advanced photonically triggered switches End of life testing of existing components

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