1. Creativity in Knowledge-bases Debasis Mitra Project Title: Creativity in Physics dmitra@cs.fit.edu Department of Computer Science Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, USA

2. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 2 Two Components of Creativity Creativity Creative Process (Search Guidance) Creative Product (Interesting & Useful) Computational Creativity??

3. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 3 Importance of Components Computational Music: Computational Music: Process or product?Process or product? Computational Scientific Discovery: Computational Scientific Discovery: Process or Product?Process or Product? Difference is in amount of prerequisite knowledge Difference is in amount of prerequisite knowledge

4. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 4 Scientific Research Knowledge is prerequisite Knowledge is prerequisite Knowledge Knowledge Background (assertive knowledge)Background (assertive knowledge) Procedural (problem solving skill)Procedural (problem solving skill) A knowledge-base (KB) provides the framework A knowledge-base (KB) provides the framework

5. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 5 Knowledge-base Sets of symbols and numbers, Sets of symbols and numbers, linked with symbols, where links provide the semantics (a graph) Operations: Operations: InsertInsert DeleteDelete ModifyModify Query / ReasonQuery / Reason

6. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 6 What is CREATIVITY in a KB? What is creativity within a scientific discovery scenario? What is creativity within a scientific discovery scenario? Something unexpected? Something unexpected? Product: Archimedes’ “eureka”Product: Archimedes’ “eureka” And / Or complex to achieve? And / Or complex to achieve? Process: Theorem vs. simple assertionProcess: Theorem vs. simple assertion

7. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 7 Creativity in KB At least creativity-support Question Generation (QG) is unexpected in a KB Question Generation (QG) is unexpected in a KB Contemporary (“at the moment”)Contemporary (“at the moment”) (CYC does it for its own KB enhancement)(CYC does it for its own KB enhancement) KB asks a question: supervised/un- KB asks a question: supervised/un- that it may be able to answer that it may be able to answer that it may NOT be able to answer that it may NOT be able to answer Why?: student-creativeness attention-drawing(prob. gen.) Why?: student-creativeness attention-drawing(prob. gen.)

8. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 8 Creativity in KB New concept formation New concept formation New link generationNew link generation Transformation of a subgraph (category theory?)Transformation of a subgraph (category theory?) Analogical reasoningAnalogical reasoning

9. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 9 Alive KB! KB diagnosing causes when an operation fails KB diagnosing causes when an operation fails In answering a query In answering a query On detecting inconsistency On detecting inconsistency

10. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 10 Thinking KB! (Process oriented) Observing and Introspecting Observing and Introspecting Internal metric of complexity: Internal metric of complexity: enjoyment / motivationenjoyment / motivation “boredom”“boredom”

11. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 11 Measurement of Creativity A major challenge in research A major challenge in research Process / Product? Process / Product? Complexity (Q14, creativity=67/100) Complexity (Q14, creativity=67/100) / Human reviewed (Instrumented) / Human reviewed (Instrumented)

12. Jan 15, 2009 NSF Workshop, Washnigton D.C. 12 Thanks! Debasis Mitra dmitra@cs.fit.edu